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What are the distinct ways in which a set of predictor variables can provide information about a target variable? When does a variable provide unique information, when do variables share redundant information, and when do variables combine…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2018-05-04 Conor Finn , Joseph T Lizier

We introduce a novel framework for decomposing interventional causal effects into synergistic, redundant, and unique components, building on the intuition of Partial Information Decomposition (PID) and the principle of M\"obius inversion.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Abel Jansma

In analysis of multi-component complex systems, such as neural systems, identifying groups of units that share similar functionality will aid understanding of the underlying structures of the system. To find such a grouping, it is useful to…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2018-11-21 Shohei Hidaka , Masafumi Oizumi

One of the fundamental steps toward understanding a complex system is identifying variation at the scale of the system's components that is most relevant to behavior on a macroscopic scale. Mutual information provides a natural means of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-20 Kieran A. Murphy , Dani S. Bassett

Distributed computation in artificial life and complex systems is often described in terms of component operations on information: information storage, transfer and modification. Information modification remains poorly described however,…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2013-10-10 Joseph T. Lizier , Benjamin Flecker , Paul L. Williams

Computation of Mutual Information (MI) helps understand the amount of information shared between a pair of random variables. Automated feature selection techniques based on MI ranking are regularly used to extract information from sensitive…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-09-24 Ankit Srivastava , Samira Pouyanfar , Joshua Allen , Ken Johnston , Qida Ma

In this work we present a new method for the estimation of Mutual Information (MI) between random variables. Our approach is based on an original interpretation of the Girsanov theorem, which allows us to use score-based diffusion models to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-16 Giulio Franzese , Mustapha Bounoua , Pietro Michiardi

Data denoising is a persistent challenge across scientific and engineering domains. Real-world data is frequently corrupted by complex, non-linear noise, rendering traditional rule-based denoising methods inadequate. To overcome these…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Chang Nie , Tianchen Deng , Zhe Liu , Hesheng Wang

Multimodal decentralized federated learning (DFL) must support collaboration among agents that hold different modality subsets and often different model components, while operating over peer-to-peer (P2P) overlays without a coordinating…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Yanhang Shi , Xiaoyu Wang , Houwei Cao , Jian Li , Yong Liu

What is the most crucial characteristic of a system with life activity? Currently, many theories have attempted to explain the most essential difference between living systems and general systems, such as the self-organization theory and…

Molecular Networks · Quantitative Biology 2025-01-29 Mingzhe Yang , Linli Pan , Jiang Zhang

Graph neural networks are widely used for node classification, but they remain vulnerable to out-of-distribution (OOD) shifts in node features and graph structure. Prior work established that methods trained with standard supervised…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Danny Wang , Ruihong Qiu , Zi Huang

Estimating conditional mutual information (CMI) is an essential yet challenging step in many machine learning and data mining tasks. Estimating CMI from data that contains both discrete and continuous variables, or even discrete-continuous…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-01-14 Alexander Marx , Lincen Yang , Matthijs van Leeuwen

Knowledge distillation deploys complex machine learning models in resource-constrained environments by training a smaller student model to emulate internal representations of a complex teacher model. However, the teacher's representations…

Measuring the relationship between any pair of variables is a rich and active area of research that is central to scientific practice. In contrast, characterizing the common information among any group of variables is typically a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-06-20 Greg Ver Steeg , Shuyang Gao , Kyle Reing , Aram Galstyan

We are assisting at a growing interest in the development of learning architectures with application to digital communication systems. Herein, we consider the detection/decoding problem. We aim at developing an optimal neural architecture…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-09-02 Andrea M. Tonello , Nunzio A. Letizia

Deep nonlinear models pose a challenge for fitting parameters due to lack of knowledge of the hidden layer and the potentially non-affine relation of the initial and observed layers. In the present work we investigate the use of information…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2016-12-20 Jacob S. Hunter , Nathan O. Hodas

The key challenge in unaligned multimodal language sequences lies in effectively integrating information from various modalities to obtain a refined multimodal joint representation. Recently, the disentangle and fuse methods have achieved…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-20 Fan Qian , Jiqing Han , Jianchen Li , Yongjun He , Tieran Zheng , Guibin Zheng

The maximal information coefficient (MIC), which measures the amount of dependence between two variables, is able to detect both linear and non-linear associations. However, computational cost grows rapidly as a function of the dataset…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2015-08-18 Ali Mousavi , Richard G. Baraniuk

We propose to use precise estimators of mutual information (MI) to find least dependent components in a linearly mixed signal. On the one hand this seems to lead to better blind source separation than with any other presently available…

Computational Physics · Physics 2007-07-16 Harald Stögbauer , Alexander Kraskov , Sergey A. Astakhov , Peter Grassberger

Exploiting the theory of state space models, we derive the exact expressions of the information transfer, as well as redundant and synergistic transfer, for coupled Gaussian processes observed at multiple temporal scales. All of the terms,…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-08-21 Luca Faes , Daniele Marinazzo , Sebastiano Stramaglia