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Multi-modal object detection in autonomous driving has achieved great breakthroughs due to the usage of fusing complementary information from different sensors. The calibration in fusion between sensors such as LiDAR and camera was always…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-05 Zhihang Song , Dingyi Yao , Ruibo Ming , Lihui Peng , Danya Yao , Yi Zhang

Sensor calibration, which can be intrinsic or extrinsic, is an essential step to achieve the measurement accuracy required for modern perception and navigation systems deployed on autonomous robots. To date, intrinsic calibration models for…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-07-29 Jiunn-Kai Huang , Chenxi Feng , Madhav Achar , Maani Ghaffari , Jessy W. Grizzle

Accurate multi-sensor calibration is essential for deploying robust perception systems in applications such as autonomous driving and intelligent transportation. Existing LiDAR-camera calibration methods often rely on manually placed…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Lei Cheng , Lihao Guo , Tianya Zhang , Tam Bang , Austin Harris , Mustafa Hajij , Mina Sartipi , Siyang Cao

With the advent of autonomous vehicles, LiDAR and cameras have become an indispensable combination of sensors. They both provide rich and complementary data which can be used by various algorithms and machine learning to sense and make…

Robotics · Computer Science 2017-05-30 Ankit Dhall , Kunal Chelani , Vishnu Radhakrishnan , K. M. Krishna

In this work, a deep learning approach has been developed to carry out road detection by fusing LIDAR point clouds and camera images. An unstructured and sparse point cloud is first projected onto the camera image plane and then upsampled…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-09-24 Luca Caltagirone , Mauro Bellone , Lennart Svensson , Mattias Wahde

Deep learning has been used to demonstrate end-to-end neural network learning for autonomous vehicle control from raw sensory input. While LiDAR sensors provide reliably accurate information, existing end-to-end driving solutions are mainly…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-05-21 Zhijian Liu , Alexander Amini , Sibo Zhu , Sertac Karaman , Song Han , Daniela Rus

Accurate camera-LiDAR fusion relies on precise extrinsic calibration, which fundamentally depends on establishing reliable cross-modal correspondences under potentially large misalignments. Existing learning-based methods typically project…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Ni Ou , Zhuo Chen , Xinru Zhang , Junzheng Wang

Camera calibration involves estimating camera parameters to infer geometric features from captured sequences, which is crucial for computer vision and robotics. However, conventional calibration is laborious and requires dedicated…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Kang Liao , Lang Nie , Shujuan Huang , Chunyu Lin , Jing Zhang , Yao Zhao , Moncef Gabbouj , Dacheng Tao

LiDAR-camera extrinsic calibration (LCEC) is crucial for multi-modal data fusion in autonomous robotic systems. Existing methods, whether target-based or target-free, typically rely on customized calibration targets or fixed scene types,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Zhiwei Huang , Jiaqi Li , Hongbo Zhao , Xiao Ma , Ping Zhong , Xiaohu Zhou , Wei Ye , Rui Fan

This paper addresses the problem of dense depth predictions from sparse distance sensor data and a single camera image on challenging weather conditions. This work explores the significance of different sensor modalities such as camera,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-12-18 Sadique Adnan Siddiqui , Axel Vierling , Karsten Berns

Advances in autonomous driving are inseparable from sensor fusion. Heterogeneous sensors are widely used for sensor fusion due to their complementary properties, with radar and camera being the most equipped sensors. Intrinsic and extrinsic…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-07-31 Lei Cheng , Arindam Sengupta , Siyang Cao

With the development of neural networks and the increasing popularity of automatic driving, the calibration of the LiDAR and the camera has attracted more and more attention. This calibration task is multi-modal, where the rich color and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Pengjin Wei , Guohang Yan , Yikang Li , Kun Fang , Jie Yang , Wei Liu

There are two critical sensors for 3D perception in autonomous driving, the camera and the LiDAR. The camera provides rich semantic information such as color, texture, and the LiDAR reflects the 3D shape and locations of surrounding…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-05-31 Kaicheng Yu , Tang Tao , Hongwei Xie , Zhiwei Lin , Zhongwei Wu , Zhongyu Xia , Tingting Liang , Haiyang Sun , Jiong Deng , Dayang Hao , Yongtao Wang , Xiaodan Liang , Bing Wang

Sensor fusion is vital for the safe and robust operation of autonomous vehicles. Accurate extrinsic sensor to sensor calibration is necessary to accurately fuse multiple sensor's data in a common spatial reference frame. In this paper, we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-06 Jack Borer , Jeremy Tschirner , Florian Ölsner , Stefan Milz

LiDAR-camera calibration is a precondition for many heterogeneous systems that fuse data from LiDAR and camera. However, the constraint from common field of view and the requirement for strict time synchronization make the calibration a…

Robotics · Computer Science 2019-07-31 Bo Fu , Yue Wang , Xiaqing Ding , Yanmei Jiao , Li Tang , Rong Xiong

The ability to simultaneously leverage multiple modes of sensor information is critical for perception of an automated vehicle's physical surroundings. Spatio-temporal alignment of registration of the incoming information is often a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-11-15 Michael Giering , Vivek Venugopalan , Kishore Reddy

The combination of LiDARs and cameras enables a mobile robot to perceive environments with multi-modal data, becoming a key factor in achieving robust perception. Traditional frame cameras are sensitive to changing illumination conditions,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-03-20 Jianhao Jiao , Feiyi Chen , Hexiang Wei , Jin Wu , Ming Liu

The goal of extrinsic calibration is the alignment of sensor data to ensure an accurate representation of the surroundings and enable sensor fusion applications. From a safety perspective, sensor calibration is a key enabler of autonomous…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Ilir Tahiraj , Jeremialie Swadiryus , Felix Fent , Markus Lienkamp

Sensor-based environmental perception is a crucial step for autonomous driving systems, for which an accurate calibration between multiple sensors plays a critical role. For the calibration of LiDAR and camera, the existing method is…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-02-27 Guohang Yan , Feiyu He , Chunlei Shi , Xinyu Cai , Yikang Li

Reliable multi-modal calibration requires identifying which observations truly constrain the extrinsic parameters and which ones mainly add noise or ambiguity. In this paper, we propose a support-map-driven approach to multi-modal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Rajitha de Silva , Grzegorz Cielniak