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The effect of secondary structure on DNA duplex formation is poorly understood. We use a coarse-grained model of DNA to show that specific 3- and 4-base pair hairpins reduce hybridization rates by factors of 2 and 10 respectively, in good…
Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) is a syndrome whose only difference compared to other children's conditions is the mother's alcohol consumption during pregnancy. An earlier diagnosis of FASD improving the quality of life of children…
Distinguishing agents of bone modification at paleoanthropological sites is at the root of much of the research directed at understanding early hominin exploitation of large animal resources and the effects those subsistence behaviors had…
The persistent battle to decrease childhood mortality serves as a commonly employed benchmark for gauging advancements in the field of medicine. Globally, the under-5 mortality rate stands at approximately 5 million, with a significant…
Transformer models have demonstrated the capability to produce highly accurate segmentation of organs and tumors. However, model training requires high-quality curated datasets to ensure robust generalization to unseen datasets. Hence, we…
Purpose: Convolutional neural networks can be trained to detect various conditions or patient traits based on retinal fundus photographs, some of which, such as the patient sex, are invisible to the expert human eye. Here we propose a…
Dementia is a neuropsychiatric brain disorder that usually occurs when one or more brain cells stop working partially or at all. Diagnosis of this disorder in the early phases of the disease is a vital task to rescue patients lives from bad…
Embryo quality assessment based on morphological attributes is important for achieving higher pregnancy rates from in vitro fertilization (IVF). The accurate segmentation of the embryo's inner cell mass (ICM) and trophectoderm epithelium…
Congenital heart disease is among the most common fetal abnormalities and birth defects. Despite identifying numerous risk factors influencing its onset, a comprehensive understanding of its genesis and management across diverse populations…
Maintaining genetic diversity as a means to avoid premature convergence is critical in Genetic Programming. Several approaches have been proposed to achieve this, with some focusing on the mating phase from coupling dissimilar solutions to…
The Third-Generation in DNA sequencing has emerged in the last few years using new technologies that allow the production of long-read sequences. Applications of the Third-Generation sequencing enable real-time and on-site data production,…
We describe an application of machine learning to the problem of predicting preterm birth. We conduct a secondary analysis on a clinical trial dataset collected by the National In- stitute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) while…
Despite the growing interest in human-AI decision making, experimental studies with domain experts remain rare, largely due to the complexity of working with domain experts and the challenges in setting up realistic experiments. In this…
In industrial settings, surface defects on steel can significantly compromise its service life and elevate potential safety risks. Traditional defect detection methods predominantly rely on manual inspection, which suffers from low…
Alzheimer's Disease is challenging to diagnose due to our limited understanding of its mechanism and large heterogeneity among patients. Neurodegeneration is studied widely as a biomarker for clinical diagnosis, which can be measured from…
A general approach to optimizing fast processes using a gender genetic algorithm is described. Its difference from the more traditional genetic algorithm it contains division the artificial population into two sexes. Male subpopulations…
From a process development perspective, diamond growth via chemical vapor deposition has made significant strides. However, challenges persist in achieving high quality and large-area material production. These difficulties include…
Crop diseases are a major threat to food security, but their rapid identification remains difficult in many parts of the world due to the lack of the necessary infrastructure. The combination of increasing global smartphone penetration and…
Artificial intelligence (AI) is poised to transform healthcare by enabling personalized and efficient care through data-driven insights. Although radiology is at the forefront of AI adoption, in practice, the potential of AI models is often…
Smart Manufacturing refers to optimization techniques that are implemented in production operations by utilizing advanced analytics approaches. With the widespread increase in deploying Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) sensors in…