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Attention-based neural networks have achieved state-of-the-art results on a wide range of tasks. Most such models use deterministic attention while stochastic attention is less explored due to the optimization difficulties or complicated…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-10 Shujian Zhang , Xinjie Fan , Bo Chen , Mingyuan Zhou

Graph convolutional networks (GCNs) have shown the powerful ability in text structure representation and effectively facilitate the task of text classification. However, challenges still exist in adapting GCN on learning discriminative…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-02 Xueya Zhang , Tong Zhang , Wenting Zhao , Zhen Cui , Jian Yang

We propose a self-supervised Gaussian ATtention network for image Clustering (GATCluster). Rather than extracting intermediate features first and then performing the traditional clustering algorithm, GATCluster directly outputs semantic…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-06-09 Chuang Niu , Jun Zhang , Ge Wang , Jimin Liang

The self-attention module is a key component of Transformer-based models, wherein each token pays attention to every other token. Recent studies have shown that these heads exhibit syntactic, semantic, or local behaviour. Some studies have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-08-14 Madhura Pande , Aakriti Budhraja , Preksha Nema , Pratyush Kumar , Mitesh M. Khapra

As large language models (LLMs) and visual language models (VLMs) grow in scale and application, attention mechanisms have become a central computational bottleneck due to their high memory and time complexity. While many efficient…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-11 Zhengyu Tian , Anantha Padmanaban Krishna Kumar , Hemant Krishnakumar , Reza Rawassizadeh

In this paper, we propose a simple and effective technique to allow for efficient self-supervised learning with bi-directional Transformers. Our approach is motivated by recent studies demonstrating that self-attention patterns in trained…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-07 Ameet Deshpande , Karthik Narasimhan

Point clouds are an increasingly relevant data type but they are often corrupted by noise. We propose a deep neural network based on graph-convolutional layers that can elegantly deal with the permutation-invariance problem encountered by…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-07-07 Francesca Pistilli , Giulia Fracastoro , Diego Valsesia , Enrico Magli

Transformers have recently shown superior performances on various vision tasks. The large, sometimes even global, receptive field endows Transformer models with higher representation power over their CNN counterparts. Nevertheless, simply…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-05-25 Zhuofan Xia , Xuran Pan , Shiji Song , Li Erran Li , Gao Huang

Attention mechanism in sequence-to-sequence models is designed to model the alignments between acoustic features and output tokens in speech recognition. However, attention weights produced by models trained end to end do not always…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-04-27 Gene-Ping Yang , Hao Tang

The self-attention mechanism, a cornerstone of Transformer-based state-of-the-art deep learning architectures, is largely heuristic-driven and fundamentally challenging to interpret. Establishing a robust theoretical foundation to explain…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Laziz U. Abdullaev , Maksim Tkachenko , Tan M. Nguyen

Attention mechanisms represent a fundamental paradigm shift in neural network architectures, enabling models to selectively focus on relevant portions of input sequences through learned weighting functions. This monograph provides a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Hasi Hays

Recently, the advancement of 3D point clouds in deep learning has attracted intensive research in different application domains such as computer vision and robotic tasks. However, creating feature representation of robust, discriminative…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-02-23 Xu Wang , Yi Jin , Yigang Cen , Tao Wang , Yidong Li

Although Transformers have successfully transitioned from their language modelling origins to image-based applications, their quadratic computational complexity remains a challenge, particularly for dense prediction. In this paper we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-08-30 Yutong Xie , Jianpeng Zhang , Yong Xia , Anton van den Hengel , Qi Wu

Attention mechanisms have recently boosted performance on a range of NLP tasks. Because attention layers explicitly weight input components' representations, it is also often assumed that attention can be used to identify information that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-11 Sofia Serrano , Noah A. Smith

Transformer has demonstrated promising performance in many 2D vision tasks. However, it is cumbersome to compute the self-attention on large-scale point cloud data because point cloud is a long sequence and unevenly distributed in 3D space.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-22 Chenhang He , Ruihuang Li , Shuai Li , Lei Zhang

We introduce PointConvFormer, a novel building block for point cloud based deep network architectures. Inspired by generalization theory, PointConvFormer combines ideas from point convolution, where filter weights are only based on relative…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-12 Wenxuan Wu , Li Fuxin , Qi Shan

In recent years, deep learning-based point cloud normal estimation has made great progress. However, existing methods mainly rely on the PCPNet dataset, leading to overfitting. In addition, the correlation between point clouds with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Wei Jin , Jun Zhou , Nannan Li , Haba Madeline , Xiuping Liu

Many machine learning tasks such as multiple instance learning, 3D shape recognition, and few-shot image classification are defined on sets of instances. Since solutions to such problems do not depend on the order of elements of the set,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-28 Juho Lee , Yoonho Lee , Jungtaek Kim , Adam R. Kosiorek , Seungjin Choi , Yee Whye Teh

Transformer-based architectures achieve state-of-the-art performance across a wide range of tasks in natural language processing, computer vision, and speech processing. However, their immense capacity often leads to overfitting, especially…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Mirza Samad Ahmed Baig , Syeda Anshrah Gillani , Abdul Akbar Khan , Shahid Munir Shah , Muhammad Omer Khan

Point cloud upsampling aims to generate dense point clouds from given sparse ones, which is a challenging task due to the irregular and unordered nature of point sets. To address this issue, we present a novel deep learning-based model,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-06-09 Aihua Mao , Zihui Du , Junhui Hou , Yaqi Duan , Yong-jin Liu , Ying He