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Reinforcement Learning with Human Feedback (RLHF) has revolutionized language modeling by aligning models with human preferences. However, the RL stage, Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO), requires over 3x the memory of Supervised…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Michael Santacroce , Yadong Lu , Han Yu , Yuanzhi Li , Yelong Shen

Fine-tuning with Reinforcement Learning with Human Feedback (RLHF) is essential for aligning large language models (LLMs). However, RLHF often encounters significant memory challenges. This study is the first to examine memory usage in the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Jin Zhou , Hanmei Yang , Steven , Tang , Mingcan Xiang , Hui Guan , Tongping Liu

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have achieved remarkable advances by integrating text, image, and audio understanding within a unified architecture. However, existing distributed training frameworks remain fundamentally data-blind:…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Hyeonjun An , Sihyun Kim , Chaerim Lim , Hyunjoon Kim , Rathijit Sen , Sangmin Jung , Hyeonsoo Lee , Dongwook Kim , Takki Yu , Jinkyu Jeong , Youngsok Kim , Kwanghyun Park

The promotion of large-scale applications of reinforcement learning (RL) requires efficient training computation. While existing parallel RL frameworks encompass a variety of RL algorithms and parallelization techniques, the excessively…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-12 Jing Hou , Guang Chen , Ruiqi Zhang , Zhijun Li , Shangding Gu , Changjun Jiang

Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) is crucial for aligning Large Language Models (LLMs) with human values. However, RLHF has been continuously challenged by its high complexity in implementation and computation consumption,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Yuhao Du , Zhuo Li , Pengyu Cheng , Zhihong Chen , Yuejiao Xie , Xiang Wan , Anningzhe Gao

Reinforcement Learning from Human feedback (RLHF) has become a powerful tool to fine-tune or train agentic machine learning models. Similar to how humans interact in social contexts, we can use many types of feedback to communicate our…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Yannick Metz , David Lindner , Raphaël Baur , Mennatallah El-Assady

Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) has become a crucial technology for aligning language models with human values and intentions, enabling models to produce more helpful and harmless responses. Reward models are trained as…

Reinforcement learning (RL) has become a pivotal technology in the post-training phase of large language models (LLMs). Traditional task-colocated RL frameworks suffer from significant scalability bottlenecks, while task-separated RL…

Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) has enabled significant advancements within language modeling for powerful, instruction-following models. However, the alignment of these models remains a pressing challenge as the policy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Ahmed M. Ahmed , Rafael Rafailov , Stepan Sharkov , Xuechen Li , Sanmi Koyejo

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success at tasks like summarization that involve a single turn of interaction. However, they can still struggle with multi-turn tasks like dialogue that require long-term planning.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-25 Zhaolin Gao , Wenhao Zhan , Jonathan D. Chang , Gokul Swamy , Kianté Brantley , Jason D. Lee , Wen Sun

Hybrid parallelism underpins large-scale LLM training across tens of thousands of GPUs. At such scale, hardware failures on individual devices lead to performance skew across devices, diminishing overall training efficiency. Existing…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Tenghui Ma , Jihu Guo , Wei Gao , Sitian Lu , Zhisheng Ye , Hanjing Wang , Dahua Lin

Training large language models is a computationally intensive process that often requires substantial resources to achieve state-of-the-art results. Incremental layer-wise training has been proposed as a potential strategy to optimize the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-02 Miles Q. Li , Benjamin C. M. Fung , Shih-Chia Huang

ChatGLM is a free-to-use AI service powered by the ChatGLM family of large language models (LLMs). In this paper, we present the ChatGLM-RLHF pipeline -- a reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) system -- designed to enhance…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-04 Zhenyu Hou , Yilin Niu , Zhengxiao Du , Xiaohan Zhang , Xiao Liu , Aohan Zeng , Qinkai Zheng , Minlie Huang , Hongning Wang , Jie Tang , Yuxiao Dong

Transformer-based large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated exceptional capabilities in sequence modeling and text generation, with improvements scaling proportionally with model size. However, the limitations of GPU memory have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Zihao Zeng , Chubo Liu , Xin He , Juan Hu , Yong Jiang , Fei Huang , Kenli Li , Wei Yang Bryan Lim

LLM-powered personalization agent systems employ Large Language Models (LLMs) to predict users' behavior from their past activities. However, their effectiveness often hinges on the ability to effectively leverage extensive, long user…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-20 Jiaxing Wu , Lin Ning , Luyang Liu , Harrison Lee , Neo Wu , Chao Wang , Sushant Prakash , Shawn O'Banion , Bradley Green , Jun Xie

The goal of program synthesis, or code generation, is to generate executable code based on given descriptions. Recently, there has been an increasing number of studies employing reinforcement learning (RL) to improve the performance of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-11-14 Jiate Liu , Yiqin Zhu , Kaiwen Xiao , Qiang Fu , Xiao Han , Wei Yang , Deheng Ye

Pipeline parallelism enables efficient training of Large Language Models (LLMs) on large-scale distributed accelerator clusters. Yet, pipeline bubbles during startup and tear-down reduce the utilization of accelerators. Although efficient…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-16 Kazuki Osawa , Shigang Li , Torsten Hoefler

Reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) can improve the quality of large language model's (LLM) outputs by aligning them with human preferences. We propose a simple algorithm for aligning LLMs with human preferences inspired by…

Large language models (LLMs) fine-tuned with reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) have been used in some of the most widely deployed AI models to date, such as OpenAI's ChatGPT or Anthropic's Claude. While there has been…

Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) facilitates the alignment of large language models (LLMs) with human preferences, thereby enhancing the quality of responses generated. A critical component of RLHF is the reward model,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Yulan Hu , Qingyang Li , Sheng Ouyang , Ge Chen , Kaihui Chen , Lijun Mei , Xucheng Ye , Fuzheng Zhang , Yong Liu