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Program synthesis with language models (LMs) has unlocked a large set of reasoning abilities; code-tuned LMs have proven adept at generating programs that solve a wide variety of algorithmic symbolic manipulation tasks (e.g. word…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Nathaniel Weir , Muhammad Khalifa , Linlu Qiu , Orion Weller , Peter Clark

Large language model (LLM) driven synthetic data generation has emerged as a powerful method for improving model reasoning capabilities. However, most methods either distill large state-of-the-art models into small students or use natural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Alex Havrilla , Edward Hughes , Mikayel Samvelyan , Jacob Abernethy

Large language models can perform various reasoning tasks by using chain-of-thought prompting, which guides them to find answers through step-by-step demonstrations. However, the quality of the prompts depends on the demonstrations given to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-02 Zhihong Shao , Yeyun Gong , Yelong Shen , Minlie Huang , Nan Duan , Weizhu Chen

The combination of Large Language Models (LLMs), systematic evaluation, and evolutionary algorithms has enabled breakthroughs in combinatorial optimization and scientific discovery. We propose to extend this powerful combination to the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Carlo Bosio , Mark W. Mueller

Large language models (LLMs) perform strongly on many language tasks but still struggle with complex multi-step reasoning across disciplines. Existing reasoning datasets often lack disciplinary breadth, reasoning depth, and diversity, as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Weize Liu , Yongchi Zhao , Yijia Luo , Mingyu Xu , Jiaheng Liu , Yanan Li , Xiguo Hu , Zhiqi Bai , Yuchi Xu , Wenbo Su , Bo Zheng

Large-scale, high-quality data is essential for advancing the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs). As publicly available Internet data becomes increasingly scarce, synthetic data has emerged as a crucial research…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Jiankang Wang , Jianjun Xu , Xiaorui Wang , Yuxin Wang , Mengting Xing , Shancheng Fang , Hongtao Xie

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated significant improvements in reasoning capabilities through supervised fine-tuning and reinforcement learning. However, when training reasoning models, these approaches are primarily applicable…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-16 Yoichi Ishibashi , Taro Yano , Masafumi Oyamada

Recent Large Language Models (LLMs) have significantly advanced natural language processing and automated decision-making. However, these models still encounter difficulties when performing complex reasoning tasks involving logical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-26 Yubo Dong , Hehe Fan

Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown that their reasoning capabilities can be significantly improved through Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Reward (RLVR), particularly in domains like mathematics and…

Logical reasoning of text requires understanding critical logical information in the text and performing inference over them. Large-scale pre-trained models for logical reasoning mainly focus on word-level semantics of text while struggling…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-11 Siyuan Wang , Wanjun Zhong , Duyu Tang , Zhongyu Wei , Zhihao Fan , Daxin Jiang , Ming Zhou , Nan Duan

Training large language models (LLMs) with synthetic reasoning data has become a popular approach to enhancing their reasoning capabilities, while a key factor influencing the effectiveness of this paradigm is the quality of the generated…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Zhuojie Yang , Wentao Wan , Keze Wang

Recently, deep learning models have made great progress in MWP solving on answer accuracy. However, they are uninterpretable since they mainly rely on shallow heuristics to achieve high performance without understanding and reasoning the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-10-25 Zhicheng Yang , Jinghui Qin , Jiaqi Chen , Liang Lin , Xiaodan Liang

Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable general reasoning capabilities. However, systematically evaluating and enhancing these reasoning capabilities is challenging due to the lack of controllable and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-04 Yanxiao Zhao , Yaqian Li , Zihao Bo , Rinyoichi Takezoe , Haojia Hui , Mo Guang , Lei Ren , Xiaolin Qin , Kaiwen Long

Recent reasoning models through test-time scaling have demonstrated that long chain-of-thoughts can unlock substantial performance boosts in hard reasoning tasks such as math and code. However, the benefit of such long thoughts for system-2…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-23 Yuan-Hong Liao , Sven Elflein , Liu He , Laura Leal-Taixé , Yejin Choi , Sanja Fidler , David Acuna

Recent advances such as OpenAI-o1 and DeepSeek R1 have demonstrated the potential of Reinforcement Learning (RL) to enhance reasoning abilities in Large Language Models (LLMs). While open-source replication efforts have primarily focused on…

Mathematical reasoning is an important capability of large language models~(LLMs) for real-world applications. To enhance this capability, existing work either collects large-scale math-related texts for pre-training, or relies on stronger…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Kun Zhou , Beichen Zhang , Jiapeng Wang , Zhipeng Chen , Wayne Xin Zhao , Jing Sha , Zhichao Sheng , Shijin Wang , Ji-Rong Wen

Difficult problems, which often result in long reasoning traces, are widely recognized as key factors for enhancing the performance of reasoning models. However, such high-challenge problems are scarce, limiting the size of available…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Si Shen , Fei Huang , Zhixiao Zhao , Chang Liu , Tiansheng Zheng , Danhao Zhu

Despite recent advances in training and prompting strategies for Large Language Models (LLMs), these models continue to face challenges with complex logical reasoning tasks that involve long reasoning chains. In this work, we explore the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Jiaming Zhou , Abbas Ghaddar , Ge Zhang , Liheng Ma , Yaochen Hu , Soumyasundar Pal , Mark Coates , Bin Wang , Yingxue Zhang , Jianye Hao

Large language models (LLMs) have shown strong performance in many reasoning benchmarks. However, recent studies have pointed to memorization, rather than generalization, as one of the leading causes for such performance. LLMs, in fact, are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Xingwei Tan , Marco Valentino , Mahmud Akhter , Maria Liakata , Nikolaos Aletras

Best-of-N decoding methods instruct large language models (LLMs) to generate multiple solutions, score each using a scoring function, and select the highest scored as the final answer to mathematical reasoning problems. However, this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Zhenyu Wu , Qingkai Zeng , Zhihan Zhang , Zhaoxuan Tan , Chao Shen , Meng Jiang