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Most vision-and-language pretraining research focuses on English tasks. However, the creation of multilingual multimodal evaluation datasets (e.g. Multi30K, xGQA, XVNLI, and MaRVL) poses a new challenge in finding high-quality training data…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-25 Chen Qiu , Dan Oneata , Emanuele Bugliarello , Stella Frank , Desmond Elliott

Large Language Models (LLMs) have tremendous potential to play a key role in supporting mathematical reasoning, with growing use in education and AI research. However, most existing benchmarks are limited to English, creating a significant…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Tabia Tanzin Prama , Christopher M. Danforth , Peter Sheridan Dodds

In recent years, large language models (LLMs) have driven major advances in language understanding, marking a significant step toward artificial general intelligence (AGI). With increasing demands for higher-level semantics and cross-modal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Yuntao Shou , Tao Meng , Wei Ai , Keqin Li

Large language models (LLMs) have made impressive progress in handling simple math problems, yet they still struggle with more challenging and complex mathematical tasks. In this paper, we introduce a series of LLMs that employs the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-18 Chengpeng Li , Guanting Dong , Mingfeng Xue , Ru Peng , Xiang Wang , Dayiheng Liu

As multimodal language models play an increasingly important role in scientific research, materials science offers a critical testbed due to its interdisciplinary, multimodal, and application-driven nature. However, existing materials…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Wanhao Liu , Jiaqing Xie , Qian Tan , Weida Wang , Jue Wang , Ran Sun , Zhuo Yang , Wanli Ouyang , Lei Bai , Tianfan Fu , Lu Chen , Xin Chen , Yuqiang Li

A fine-grained data recipe is crucial for pre-training large language models, as it can significantly enhance training efficiency and model performance. One important ingredient in the recipe is to select samples based on scores produced by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Ziqing Fan , Yuqiao Xian , Yan Sun , Li Shen

Despite the considerable advancements in English LLMs, the progress in building comparable models for other languages has been hindered due to the scarcity of tailored resources. Our work aims to bridge this divide by introducing an…

Counting is a core capability for multimodal large language models (MLLMs), yet there is no unified counting dataset to rigorously evaluate this ability across image, text, and audio. We present UNICBench, a unified multimodal, multi level…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Chenggang Rong , Tao Han , Zhiyuan Zhao , Yaowu Fan , Jia Wan , Song Guo , Yuan Yuan , Junyu Gao

Multimodal emotion analysis is shifting from static classification to generative reasoning. Beyond simple label prediction, robust affective reasoning must synthesize fine-grained signals such as facial micro-expressions and prosodic which…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Zhixian Zhao , Wenjie Tian , Lei Xie

Recent advances in product bundling have leveraged multimodal information through sophisticated encoders, but remain constrained by limited semantic understanding and a narrow scope of knowledge. Therefore, some attempts employ In-context…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Xiaohao Liu , Jie Wu , Zhulin Tao , Yunshan Ma , Yinwei Wei , Tat-seng Chua

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated significant capabilities in mathematical reasoning, particularly with text-based mathematical problems. However, current multi-modal large language models (MLLMs), especially those specialized…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Zhen Yang , Jinhao Chen , Zhengxiao Du , Wenmeng Yu , Weihan Wang , Wenyi Hong , Zhihuan Jiang , Bin Xu , Jie Tang

The availability of large-scale image captioning and visual question answering datasets has contributed significantly to recent successes in vision-and-language pre-training. However, these datasets are often collected with overrestrictive…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-03-31 Soravit Changpinyo , Piyush Sharma , Nan Ding , Radu Soricut

Large language models (LLMs) have greatly impacted the natural language processing (NLP) field, particularly for the English language. These models have demonstrated capabilities in understanding and generating human-like text. The success…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-10 Hasna Chouikhi , Manel Aloui , Cyrine Ben Hammou , Ghaith Chaabane , Haithem Kchaou , Chehir Dhaouadi

Multilingual data from the web is essential for LLM pretraining. Yet, scraping it is expensive, and research groups repeatedly crawl the same content. For example, we found that over 40\% of tokens across major Arabic web corpora are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Sultan Alrashed , Francesco Orabona

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) are increasingly deployed as the core reasoning engine for web-facing systems, powering GUI agents and front-end automation that must interpret page structure, select actionable widgets, and execute…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Junliang Liu , Jingyu Xiao , Wenxin Tang , Zhixian Wang , Zipeng Xie , Wenxuan Wang , Minrui Zhang , Shuanghe Yu

Large language models (LLMs) have been shown to be capable of impressive few-shot generalisation to new tasks. However, they still tend to perform poorly on multi-step logical reasoning problems. Here we carry out a comprehensive evaluation…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-05-20 Antonia Creswell , Murray Shanahan , Irina Higgins

Hyperscaling of data and parameter count in LLMs is yielding diminishing improvement when weighed against training costs, underlining a growing need for more efficient finetuning and inference without sacrificing performance. This is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Moulik Choraria , Xinbo Wu , Akhil Bhimaraju , Nitesh Sekhar , Yue Wu , Xu Zhang , Prateek Singhal , Lav R. Varshney

Multimodal Large Language Models (MM-LLMs) have seen significant advancements in the last year, demonstrating impressive performance across tasks. However, to truly democratize AI, models must exhibit strong capabilities and be able to run…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Jainaveen Sundaram , Ravi Iyer

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) are gaining increasing popularity in both academia and industry due to their remarkable performance in various applications such as visual question answering, visual perception, understanding, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-09 Jian Li , Weiheng Lu , Hao Fei , Meng Luo , Ming Dai , Min Xia , Yizhang Jin , Zhenye Gan , Ding Qi , Chaoyou Fu , Ying Tai , Wankou Yang , Yabiao Wang , Chengjie Wang

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in everyday applications, demanding robust general reasoning capabilities and diverse reasoning skillset. However, current LLM reasoning benchmarks predominantly focus on mathematical…