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Modern applications increasingly span across cloud, fog, and edge environments, demanding orchestration systems that can adapt to diverse deployment contexts while meeting Quality-of-Service (QoS) requirements. Standard Kubernetes…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Haci Ismail Aslan , Syed Muhammad Mahmudul Haque , Joel Witzke , Odej Kao

Significant challenges remain with the development of macroscopic quantum computing, hardware problems of noise, decoherence, and scaling, software problems of error correction, and, most important, algorithm construction. Finding truly…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-12-05 James E. Steck , Nathan L. Thompson , Elizabeth C. Behrman

With the birth of Noisy Intermediate Scale Quantum (NISQ) devices and the verification of "quantum supremacy" in random number sampling and boson sampling, more and more fields hope to use quantum computers to solve specific problems, such…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2023-01-02 Menghan Dou , Tianrui Zou , Yuan Fang , Jing Wang , Dongyi Zhao , Lei Yu , Boying Chen , Wenbo Guo , Ye Li , Zhaoyun Chen , Guoping Guo

In the lead up to fault tolerance, the utility of quantum computing will be determined by how adequately the effects of noise can be circumvented in quantum algorithms. Hybrid quantum-classical algorithms such as the variational quantum…

As the popularity of quantum computing continues to grow, efficient quantum machine access over the cloud is critical to both academic and industry researchers across the globe. And as cloud quantum computing demands increase exponentially,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-03-28 Gokul Subramanian Ravi , Kaitlin N. Smith , Prakash Murali , Frederic T. Chong

Quantum computing is performed on Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) hardware in the short term. Only small circuits can be executed reliably on a quantum machine due to the unavoidable noisy quantum operations on NISQ devices, leading…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-12-02 Siyuan Niu , Aida Todri-Sanial

Quantum systems have potential to demonstrate significant computational advantage, but current quantum devices suffer from the rapid accumulation of error that prevents the storage of quantum information over extended periods. The…

We introduce OpenQAOA, a Python open-source multi-backend Software Development Kit to create, customise, and execute the Quantum Approximate Optimisation Algorithm (QAOA) on Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) devices and simulators.…

The quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) is one of the canonical algorithms designed to find approximate solutions to combinatorial optimization problems in current noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices. It is an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-12-12 Ping Zou

The Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) is expected to offer advantages over classical approaches when solving combinatorial optimization problems in the Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) era. In its standard…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-06 Arkadiusz Wołk , Karol Capała , Katarzyna Rycerz

Quantum machine learning has proven to be a fruitful area in which to search for potential applications of quantum computers. This is particularly true for those available in the near term, so called noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ)…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-20 Brian Coyle

Variational Quantum Computing (VQC) faces fundamental scalability barriers, primarily due to barren plateaus and sensitivity to quantum noise. To address these challenges, we introduce TensorHyper-VQC, a novel tensor-train (TT)-guided…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-10 Jun Qi , Chao-Han Huck Yang , Pin-Yu Chen , Min-Hsiu Hsieh

Distributed quantum computing (DQC) is being actively investigated as a means of scaling the number of qubits across multiple connected quantum devices. This includes quantum circuit compilation and execution management on multiple quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-23 Gongyu Ni , Davide Ferrari , Lester Ho , Michele Amoretti

Parameterized quantum circuits (PQCs) play an essential role in the application of variational quantum algorithms (VQAs) in noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices. The PQCs are a leading candidate to achieve a quantum advantage in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-10 Joona V. Pankkonen , Matti Raasakka , Andrea Marchesin , Ilkka Tittonen

A significant hurdle in the noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) era is identifying functional quantum circuits. These circuits must also adhere to the constraints imposed by current quantum hardware limitations. Variational quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-03 Akash Kundu

For a cloud service provider, delivering optimal system performance while fulfilling Quality of Service (QoS) obligations is critical for maintaining a viably profitable business. This goal is often hard to attain given the irregular nature…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-04-14 Husam Suleiman , Otman Basir

In the NISQ-era of quantum computing, we should not expect to see quantum devices that provide an exponential improvement in runtime for practical problems, due to the lack of error correction and small number of qubits available.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-07-02 Samuel S. Mendelson , Robert W. Strand , Guy B. Oldaker , Jacob M. Farinholt

There has been much recent interest in near-term applications of quantum computers, i.e., using quantum circuits that have short decoherence times due to hardware limitations. Variational quantum algorithms (VQA), wherein an optimization…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-16 Vyacheslav Kungurtsev , Georgios Korpas , Jakub Marecek , Elton Yechao Zhu

Variational quantum algorithms (VQAs) are hybrid quantum-classical approaches used for tackling a wide range of problems on noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices. Testing these algorithms on relevant hardware is crucial to…

The quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) has the potential of providing a useful quantum advantage on noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices. The effects of uncorrelated noise on variational quantum algorithms such as…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-05-08 Joris Kattemölle , Guido Burkard