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Expensive communication cost is a common performance bottleneck in Federated Learning (FL), which makes it less appealing in real-world applications. Many communication-efficient FL methods focus on discarding a part of model updates mostly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Jisoo Kim , Sungmin Kang , Sunwoo Lee

In Federated Learning (FL), a framework to train machine learning models across distributed data, well-known algorithms like FedAvg tend to have slow convergence rates, resulting in high communication costs during training. To address this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-16 Zhiwei Tang , Tsung-Hui Chang

Federated learning (FL) is a distributed learning technique that trains a shared model over distributed data in a privacy-preserving manner. Unfortunately, FL's performance degrades when there is (i) variability in client characteristics in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-28 Muhammad Tahir Munir , Muhammad Mustansar Saeed , Mahad Ali , Zafar Ayyub Qazi , Ihsan Ayyub Qazi

As an emerging technology, federated learning (FL) involves training machine learning models over distributed edge devices, which attracts sustained attention and has been extensively studied. However, the heterogeneity of client data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-29 Hao Zhang , Tingting Wu , Siyao Cheng , Jie Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across various domains, particularly in task generalization for both text and vision data. While fine-tuning these models can significantly enhance their performance on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-15 Navyansh Mahla , Kshitij Sharad Jadhav , Ganesh Ramakrishnan

This paper revisits alternating low-rank updates for federated fine-tuning and examines their behavior in decentralized federated learning (DFL). While alternating the LoRA matrices has been shown to stabilize aggregation in centralized FL,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Xiaoyu Wang , Xiaotian Li , Zhixiang Zhou , Chen Li , Yong Liu

Federated Learning (FL) enables multiple devices to collaboratively train a shared model while ensuring data privacy. The selection of participating devices in each training round critically affects both the model performance and training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-08 Chunlin Tian , Zhan Shi , Xinpeng Qin , Li Li , Chengzhong Xu

Large Language Models (LLMs) are pivotal in natural language processing. The impracticality of full fine-tuning has prompted Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) methods like Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA), optimizing low-rank matrices A and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Jiayu Huang , Xiaohu Wu , Tiantian He , Qicheng Lao

Federated learning (FL) is a distributed method to train a global model over a set of local clients while keeping data localized. It reduces the risks of privacy and security but faces important challenges including expensive communication…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-07 Seonhyeong Kim , Jiheon Woo , Daewon Seo , Yongjune Kim

This work addresses the key challenges of applying federated learning to large-scale deep neural networks, particularly the issue of client drift due to data heterogeneity across clients and the high costs of communication, computation, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-08 Jiaojiao Zhang , Yuqi Xu , Kun Yuan

Federated Learning (FL) is an emerging collaborative machine learning framework where multiple clients train the global model without sharing their own datasets. In FL, the model inconsistency caused by the local data heterogeneity across…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-13 Xuming An , Li Shen , Han Hu , Yong Luo

Federated Learning (FL) enables large-scale distributed training of machine learning models, while still allowing individual nodes to maintain data locally. However, executing FL at scale comes with inherent practical challenges: 1)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Hossein Zakerinia , Shayan Talaei , Giorgi Nadiradze , Dan Alistarh

Federated learning often suffers from slow and unstable convergence due to the heterogeneous characteristics of participating client datasets. Such a tendency is aggravated when the client participation ratio is low since the information…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Geeho Kim , Jinkyu Kim , Bohyung Han

Fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) on resource-constrained clients remains a challenging problem. Recent works have fused low-rank adaptation (LoRA) techniques with federated fine-tuning to mitigate challenges associated with client…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Wenzhi Fang , Dong-Jun Han , Liangqi Yuan , Seyyedali Hosseinalipour , Christopher G. Brinton

Federated learning (FL) enables clients to collaboratively train machine learning models under the coordination of a server in a privacy-preserving manner. One of the main challenges in FL is that the server may not receive local updates…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-30 Chutian Jiang , Hansong Zhou , Xiaonan Zhang , Shayok Chakraborty

Federated Learning (FL) offers a collaborative training framework, allowing multiple clients to contribute to a shared model without compromising data privacy. Due to the heterogeneous nature of local datasets, updated client models may…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-14 Chia-Hsiang Kao , Yu-Chiang Frank Wang

With the rapid emergence of foundation models and the increasing need for fine-tuning across distributed environments, Federated Low-Rank Adaptation (FedLoRA) has recently gained significant attention. Despite enormous potential, current…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Le-Tuan Nguyen , Minh-Duong Nguyen , Seon-Geun Jeong , Dung D. Le , Quoc-Viet Pham

Federated learning (FL) enables collaborative model training with privacy preservation. Data heterogeneity across edge devices (clients) can cause models to converge to sharp minima, negatively impacting generalization and robustness.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Debora Caldarola , Pietro Cagnasso , Barbara Caputo , Marco Ciccone

Federated Learning (FL) is a distributed machine learning technique that preserves data privacy by sharing only the trained parameters instead of the client data. This makes FL ideal for highly dynamic, heterogeneous, and time-critical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Kasun Eranda Wijethilake , Adnan Mahmood , Quan Z. Sheng

Federated Learning with Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) faces three critical challenges under client heterogeneity: (1) Initialization-Induced Instability due to random initialization misaligning client subspaces; (2) Rank Incompatibility and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Junchao Zhou , Junkang Liu , Fanhua Shang