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We present a detailed description of the experiment realising for the first time a protective measurement, a novel measurement protocol which combines weak interactions with a ``protection mechanism'' preserving the measured state coherence…

A review of protective measurements. Protective measurement is a method for measuring an expectation value of an observable on a single quantum system. The quantum state of the system can be protected by a potential, when the state is a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-01-18 L. Vaidman

Protective measurements, which we have introduced recently, allow to measure properties of the state of a single quantum system and even the Schr\"odinger wave itself. These measurements require a protection, sometimes due to an additional…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 Yakir Aharonov , Jeeva Anandan , Lev Vaidman

Making measurements on single quantum systems is considered difficult, almost impossible if the state is a-priori unknown. Protective measurements suggest a possibility to measure single quantum systems and gain some new information in the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-12-10 Tabish Qureshi , N. D. Hari Dass

"Protective measurement" refers to two related schemes for finding the expectation value of an observable without disturbing the state of a quantum system, given a single copy of the system that is subject to a "protecting" operation. There…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-05-21 Joshua Combes , Christopher Ferrie , Matthew S. Leifer , Matthew F. Pusey

Protective measurements yield properties of the quantum state of a single quantum system without affecting the quantum state. A protective measurement involves adiabatic coupling to the measuring device together with a procedure to protect…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-10-28 Yakir Aharonov , Lev Vaidman

Recently proposed idea of "protective" measurement of a quantum state is critically examined, and generalized. Earlier criticisms of the idea are discussed and their relevance to the proposal assessed. Several constraints on measuring…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-08-24 N. D. Hari Dass , Tabish Qureshi

Quantum mechanics, one of the keystones of modern physics, exhibits several peculiar properties, differentiating it from classical mechanics. One of the most intriguing is that variables might not have definite values. A complete quantum…

Quantum measurements affect the state of the observed systems via back-action. While projective measurements extract maximal classical information, they drastically alter the system's configuration. In contrast, indirect measurements…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-06 Giacomo Franceschetto , Marcin Płodzień , Maciej Lewenstein , Antonio Acín , Pere Mujal

My view on the meaning of the quantum wave function and its connection to protective measurements is described. The wave function and only the wave function is the ontology of the quantum theory. Protective measurements support this view…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-02-28 Lev Vaidman

Standard projective measurements represent a subset of all possible measurements in quantum physics, defined by positive-operator-valued measures. We study what quantum measurements are projective simulable, that is, can be simulated by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-11-15 Michał Oszmaniec , Leonardo Guerini , Peter Wittek , Antonio Acín

Efficient methods for characterizing the performance of quantum measurements are important in the experimental quantum sciences. Ideally, one requires both a physically relevant distinguishability measure between measurement operations and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-12 Easwar Magesan , Paola Cappellaro

A new type of procedures, called protective measurements, has been proposed by Aharonov, Anandan and Vaidman. These authors argue that a protective measurement allows the determination of arbitrary observables of a single quantum system and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-10-31 Jos Uffink

Weak measurements may result in extra quantity of quantumness of correlations compared with standard projective measurement on a bipartite quantum state. We show that the quantumness of correlations by weak measurements can be consumed for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-03-18 Lin-Ping Huai , Bo Li , Shi-Xian Qu , Heng Fan

It is shown that from the expectation values of obervables, which can be measured for a single system using protective measurements, the linear structure, inner product, and observables in the Hilbert space can be reconstructed. A universal…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-10-22 J. Anandan

A recent result about measurability of a quantum state of a single quantum system is generalized to the case of a single pre- and post-selected quantum system described by a two-state vector. The protection required for such measurement is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Y. Aharonov , L. Vaidman

The standard approach to quantum measurement discrimination is to perform the given unknown measurement on a probe state, possibly entangled with an auxiliary system, and make a decision based on the measurement outcome obtained. In this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-25 Charbel Eid , Marco Túlio Quintino

It is well known that a quantum correlated probe can yield better precision in estimating an unknown parameter than classically possible. However, how such a quantum probe should be measured remains somewhat elusive. We examine the role of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-02-20 K. Micadei , D. A. Rowlands , F. A. Pollock , L. C. Céleri , R. M. Serra , K. Modi

We examine a family of intrinsic performance measures in terms of probability distributions that generalize Hellinger distance and Fisher information. They are applied to quantum metrology to assess the uncertainty in the detection of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-03-20 Alfredo Luis , Alfonso Rodil

It is proposed a possible new approach of quantum measurements (QMS), disconnected of the traditional interpretation of uncertainty relations and independent of any appeal to the strange idea of collapse (reduction) of wave functions. The…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 S. Dumitru
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