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We study a statistical framework for replicability based on a recently proposed quantitative measure of replication success, the sceptical $p$-value. A recalibration is proposed to obtain exact overall Type-I error control if the effect is…
Phase III randomized clinical trials play a monumentally critical role in the evaluation of new medical products. Because of the intrinsic nature of uncertainty embedded in our capability in assessing the efficacy of a medical product,…
Matched case-control studies are commonly employed in epidemiological research for their convenience and efficiency. Analysis of secondary outcomes can yield valuable insights into biological pathways and help identify genetic variants of…
The use of drug combinations in clinical trials is increasingly common during the last years since a more favorable therapeutic response may be obtained by combining drugs. In phase I clinical trials, most of the existing methodology…
Comparisons of different treatments or production processes are the goals of a significant fraction of applied research. Unsurprisingly, two-sample problems play a main role in Statistics through natural questions such as `Is the the new…
In an observational study, it is common to leverage known null effect to detect bias. One such strategy is to set aside a placebo sample -- a subset of data immune from the hypothesized cause-and-effect relationship. Existence of an effect…
To identify statistically significant conclusions, it is proposed to simultaneously test hypotheses and alternatives. It is shown that, under the condition of free combination of hypotheses and alternatives, the closure method leads to…
We consider the classical sequential binary hypothesis testing problem in which there are two hypotheses governed respectively by distributions $P_0$ and $P_1$ and we would like to decide which hypothesis is true using a sequential test. It…
Clinical trials often evaluate multiple outcome variables to form a comprehensive picture of the effects of a new treatment. The resulting multidimensional insight contributes to clinically relevant and efficient decision-making about…
We study the binary hypothesis testing problem where an adversary may potentially corrupt a fraction of the samples. The detector is, however, permitted to abstain from making a decision if (and only if) the adversary is present. We…
Bayesian clinical trials can benefit of available historical information through the elicitation of informative prior distributions. Concerns are however often raised about the potential for prior-data conflict and the impact of Bayes test…
The combination of the Bayesian game and learning has a rich history, with the idea of controlling a single agent in a system composed of multiple agents with unknown behaviors given a set of types, each specifying a possible behavior for…
Pragmatic clinical trials evaluate the effectiveness of health interventions in real-world settings. Negative spillover can arise in a pragmatic trial if the study intervention affects how scarce resources are allocated between patients in…
The question of selecting the "best" amongst different choices is a common problem in statistics. In drug development, our motivating setting, the question becomes, for example: what is the dose that gives me a pre-specified risk of…
Meta-analyses are commonly performed based on random-effects models, while in certain cases one might also argue in favour of a common-effect model. One such case may be given by the example of two "study twins" that are performed according…
This paper studies the problem of discriminating two multivariate Gaussian distributions in a distributed manner. Specifically, it characterizes in a special case the optimal typeII error exponent as a function of the available…
While there exists a large amount of literature on the general challenges of and best practices for trustworthy online A/B testing, there are limited studies on sample size estimation, which plays a crucial role in trustworthy and efficient…
Reliability of sequential hypothesis testing can be greatly improved when the decision maker is given the freedom to adaptively take an action that determines the distribution of the current collected sample. Such advantage of sampling…
Binary endpoints are common in clinical trials and conditional odds ratios have traditionally been used to assess treatment effects. However, the interpretation of odds ratios is difficult, they are non-collapsible and rely on strong…
We study the tradeoff between fundamental risk and time. A time-constrained agent has to solve a problem. She dynamically allocates effort between implementing a risky initial idea and exploring alternatives. Discovering an alternative…