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This paper presents an approach integrating explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) techniques with adaptive learning to enhance energy consumption prediction models, with a focus on handling data distribution shifts. Leveraging SHAP…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-08 Tobias Clement , Hung Truong Thanh Nguyen , Nils Kemmerzell , Mohamed Abdelaal , Davor Stjelja

eXplainable artificial intelligence (XAI) methods have emerged to convert the black box of machine learning (ML) models into a more digestible form. These methods help to communicate how the model works with the aim of making ML models more…

While a lot of research in explainable AI focuses on producing effective explanations, less work is devoted to the question of how people understand and interpret the explanation. In this work, we focus on this question through a study of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-06-20 Hendrik Schuff , Alon Jacovi , Heike Adel , Yoav Goldberg , Ngoc Thang Vu

Recently, SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) has been widely utilized in various research domains. This is particularly evident in application fields, where SHAP analysis serves as a crucial tool for identifying biomarkers and assisting…

Computation · Statistics 2026-02-02 Kyungjin Kim , Youngro Lee , Jongmo Seo

Originally introduced in cooperative game theory, Shapley values have become a very popular tool to explain machine learning predictions. Based on Shapley's fairness axioms, every input (feature component) gets a credit how it contributes…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-08-19 Michael Mayer , Mario V. Wüthrich

Feature attribution methods, such as SHAP and LIME, explain machine learning model predictions by quantifying the influence of each input component. When applying feature attributions to explain language models, a basic question is defining…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Alan Boyle , Furui Cheng , Vilém Zouhar , Mennatallah El-Assady

Machine learning transparency calls for interpretable explanations of how inputs relate to predictions. Feature attribution is a way to analyze the impact of features on predictions. Feature interactions are the contextual dependence…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-06-22 Michael Tsang , Sirisha Rambhatla , Yan Liu

Explainable AI aims to render model behavior understandable by humans, which can be seen as an intermediate step in extracting causal relations from correlative patterns. Due to the high risk of possible fatal decisions in image-based…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-06-16 Lukas Klein , João B. S. Carvalho , Mennatallah El-Assady , Paolo Penna , Joachim M. Buhmann , Paul F. Jaeger

Modeling of fluid flows requires corresponding adequate and effective approaches that would account for multiscale nature of the considered physics. Despite the tremendous growth of computational power in the past decades, modeling of fluid…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2025-06-24 Arsen S. Iskhakov , Nam T. Dinh

In this work, we investigate the physical mechanisms governing turbulent kinetic energy transport using explainable deep learning (XDL). An XDL model based on SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) is used to identify and percolate…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2026-01-29 Francisco Alcántara-Ávila , Andrés Cremades , Sergio Hoyas , Ricardo Vinuesa

A number of techniques have been proposed to explain a machine learning model's prediction by attributing it to the corresponding input features. Popular among these are techniques that apply the Shapley value method from cooperative game…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-29 Luke Merrick , Ankur Taly

Feature attributions based on the Shapley value are popular for explaining machine learning models; however, their estimation is complex from both a theoretical and computational standpoint. We disentangle this complexity into two factors:…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-18 Hugh Chen , Ian C. Covert , Scott M. Lundberg , Su-In Lee

In this article, we provide an axiomatic characterization of feature attribution for multi-output predictors within the Shapley framework. While SHAP explanations are routinely computed independently for each output coordinate, the…

Interpreting predictions from tree ensemble methods such as gradient boosting machines and random forests is important, yet feature attribution for trees is often heuristic and not individualized for each prediction. Here we show that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-03-08 Scott M. Lundberg , Gabriel G. Erion , Su-In Lee

Anomaly detection algorithms are often thought to be limited because they don't facilitate the process of validating results performed by domain experts. In Contrast, deep learning algorithms for anomaly detection, such as autoencoders,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-02 Liat Antwarg , Ronnie Mindlin Miller , Bracha Shapira , Lior Rokach

An important technique to explore a black-box machine learning (ML) model is called SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanation). SHAP values decompose predictions into contributions of the features in a fair way. We will show that for a boosted…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-08-01 Michael Mayer

Contemporary chess engines offer precise yet opaque evaluations, typically expressed as centipawn scores. While effective for decision-making, these outputs obscure the underlying contributions of individual pieces or patterns. In this…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Francesco Spinnato

Data attribution seeks to trace model outputs back to training data. With the recent development of diffusion models, data attribution has become a desired module to properly assign valuations for high-quality or copyrighted training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-18 Xiaosen Zheng , Tianyu Pang , Chao Du , Jing Jiang , Min Lin

Feature attribution methods, which explain an individual prediction made by a model as a sum of attributions for each input feature, are an essential tool for understanding the behavior of complex deep learning models. However, ensuring…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-28 Ethan Weinberger , Joseph Janizek , Su-In Lee

Researchers in explainable artificial intelligence have developed numerous methods for helping users understand the predictions of complex supervised learning models. By contrast, explaining the $\textit{uncertainty}$ of model outputs has…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-11-01 David S. Watson , Joshua O'Hara , Niek Tax , Richard Mudd , Ido Guy