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Electroencephalogram (EEG) has been a core tool used in functional neuroimaging in humans for nearly a hundred years. Because it is inexpensive, easy to implement, and noninvasive, it also represents an excellent candidate modality for use…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2021-11-18 PK Douglas , DB Douglas

Developing foundation models for electroencephalography (EEG) remains challenging due to the signal's low signal-to-noise ratio and complex spectro-temporal non-stationarity. Existing approaches often overlook the hierarchical latent…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-20 Mingzhe Cui , Tao Chen , Yang Jiao , Yiqin Wang , Lei Xie , Yi Pan , Luca Mainardi

Cross-subject motor imagery (CS-MI) classification in brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) is a challenging task due to the significant variability in Electroencephalography (EEG) patterns across different individuals. This variability often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-04 Ahmed G. Habashi , Ahmed M. Azab , Seif Eldawlatly , Gamal M. Aly

Restoring speech communication from neural signals is a central goal of brain-computer interface research, yet EEG-based speech reconstruction remains challenging due to limited spatial resolution, susceptibility to noise, and the absence…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-30 Hanbeot Park , Yunjeong Cho , Hunhee Kim

Electroencephalography (EEG) is an invaluable tool in neuroscience, offering insights into brain activity with high temporal resolution. Recent advancements in machine learning and generative modeling have catalyzed the application of EEG…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Yashvir Sabharwal , Balaji Rama

The quality of the inverse approach in electroencephalography (EEG) source analysis is - among other things - depending on the accuracy of the forward modeling approach, i.e., the simulation of the electric potential for a known dipole…

Medical Physics · Physics 2022-08-08 Florian Drechsler , Johannes Vorwerk , Jens Haueisen , Lars Grasedyck , Carsten H. Wolters

Driver drowsiness electroencephalography (EEG) signal monitoring can timely alert drivers of their drowsiness status, thereby reducing the probability of traffic accidents. Graph convolutional networks (GCNs) have shown significant…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-07-09 Jingwei Huang , Chuansheng Wang , Jiayan Huang , Haoyi Fan , Antoni Grau , Fuquan Zhang

Objective: Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have shown great potential in the field of Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs). The raw Electroencephalogram (EEG) signal is usually represented as 2-Dimensional (2-D) matrix composed of channels…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-08-31 Xinbin Liang , Yaru Liu , Yang Yu , Kaixuan Liu , Yadong Liu , Zongtan Zhou

EEG-based brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) have shown promise in various applications, such as motor imagery and cognitive state monitoring. However, decoding visual representations from EEG signals remains a significant challenge due to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Tariq Mehmood , Hamza Ahmad , Muhammad Haroon Shakeel , Murtaza Taj

Electroencephalography (EEG) is a tool that allows us to analyze brain activity with high temporal resolution. These measures, combined with deep learning and digital signal processing, are widely used in neurological disorder detection and…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-11-20 Isaac Ariza , Lorenzo J. Tardon , Ana M. Barbancho , Irene De-Torres , Isabel Barbancho

User authentication is a pivotal element in security systems. Conventional methods including passwords, personal identification numbers, and identification tags are increasingly vulnerable to cyber-attacks. This paper suggests a paradigm…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-28 Naveenkumar G Venkataswamy , Masudul H Imtiaz

Background: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is often considered a precursor to Alzheimer's disease (AD) due to the high rate of progression from MCI to AD. Sensitive neural biomarkers may provide a tool for an accurate MCI diagnosis,…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2022-11-02 Adi Wijaya , Noor Akhmad Setiawan , Asma Hayati Ahmad , Rahimah Zakaria , Zahiruddin Othman

Magnetoencephalography (MEG) is an advanced imaging technique used to measure the magnetic fields outside the human head produced by the electrical activity inside the brain. Various source localization methods in MEG require the knowledge…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-07-06 Zhigang Yao , Ye Zhang , Zhidong Bai , William F. Eddy

Head-based signals such as EEG, EMG, EOG, and ECG collected by wearable systems will play a pivotal role in clinical diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment of important brain disorder diseases. However, the real-time transmission of the…

While foundation models excel in text, image, and video domains, the critical biological signals, particularly electroencephalography(EEG), remain underexplored. EEG benefits neurological research with its high temporal resolution,…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-13 Wei Xiong , Junming Lin , Jiangtong Li , Jie Li , Changjun Jiang

Electroencephalography (EEG) is a widely used tool for diagnosing brain disorders due to its high temporal resolution, non-invasive nature, and affordability. Manual analysis of EEG is labor-intensive and requires expertise, making…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-11-19 Salim Rukhsar , Anil Kumar Tiwari

In this paper, we explore the multiple source localisation problem in the cerebral cortex using magnetoencephalography (MEG) data. We model neural currents as point-wise dipolar sources which dynamically evolve over time, then model dipole…

Applications · Statistics 2015-06-18 Xi Chen , Simo Särkkä , Simon Godsill

Electroencephalogram (EEG) decoding models for brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) struggle with cross-dataset learning and generalization due to channel layout inconsistencies, non-stationary signal distributions, and limited…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-07-17 Xiaoqing Chen , Siyang Li , Dongrui Wu

Sound source localization (SSL) technology plays a crucial role in various application areas such as fault diagnosis, speech separation, and vibration noise reduction. Although beamforming algorithms are widely used in SSL, their resolution…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Wenbo Ma , Yan Lu , Yijun Liu

Accelerated MRI reconstructs images of clinical anatomies from sparsely sampled signal data to reduce patient scan times. While recent works have leveraged deep learning to accomplish this task, such approaches have often only been explored…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-12-01 Michael S. Yao , Michael S. Hansen