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In this short note, we propose a new method for quantizing the weights of a fully trained neural network. A simple deterministic pre-processing step allows us to quantize network layers via memoryless scalar quantization while preserving…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-06 Johannes Maly , Rayan Saab

As soon as abstract mathematical computations were adapted to computation on digital computers, the problem of efficient representation, manipulation, and communication of the numerical values in those computations arose. Strongly related…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-06-23 Amir Gholami , Sehoon Kim , Zhen Dong , Zhewei Yao , Michael W. Mahoney , Kurt Keutzer

Existing neural networks are memory-consuming and computationally intensive, making deploying them challenging in resource-constrained environments. However, there are various methods to improve their efficiency. Two such methods are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-10 Anastasiia Prutianova , Alexey Zaytsev , Chung-Kuei Lee , Fengyu Sun , Ivan Koryakovskiy

Large language models (LLMs) have shown immense potential across various domains, but their high memory requirements and inference costs remain critical challenges for deployment. Post-training quantization (PTQ) has emerged as a promising…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-05 Tianyi Zhang , Anshumali Shrivastava

Deep Neural Networks reached state-of-the-art performance across numerous domains, but this progress has come at the cost of increasingly large and over-parameterized models, posing serious challenges for deployment on resource-constrained…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Dario Malchiodi , Mattia Ferraretto , Marco Frasca

Post-Training Quantization (PTQ) and Quantization-Aware Training (QAT) represent two mainstream model quantization approaches. However, PTQ often leads to unacceptable performance degradation in quantized models, while QAT imposes…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-18 Xinhao Wang , Zhiwei Lin , Zhongyu Xia , Yongtao Wang

Large language models (LLMs) deliver impressive results for a variety of tasks, but state-of-the-art systems require fast GPUs with large amounts of memory. To reduce both the memory and latency of these systems, practitioners quantize…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Gautom Das , Vincent La , Ethan Lau , Abhinav Shrivastava , Matthew Gwilliam

Post-Training Quantization (PTQ) has received significant attention because it requires only a small set of calibration data to quantize a full-precision model, which is more practical in real-world applications in which full access to a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-30 Cuong Pham , Hoang Anh Dung , Cuong C. Nguyen , Trung Le , Dinh Phung , Gustavo Carneiro , Thanh-Toan Do

State-space models (SSMs) have recently gained attention in deep learning for their ability to efficiently model long-range dependencies, making them promising candidates for edge-AI applications. In this paper, we analyze the effects of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Leo Zhao , Tristan Torchet , Melika Payvand , Laura Kriener , Filippo Moro

Latent Diffusion Models (LDMs) capture the dynamic evolution of latent variables over time, blending patterns and multimodality in a generative system. Despite the proficiency of LDM in various applications, such as text-to-image…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-12 Yuewei Yang , Xiaoliang Dai , Jialiang Wang , Peizhao Zhang , Hongbo Zhang

The deployment of Quantized Neural Networks (QNNs) on resource-constrained edge devices, such as microcontrollers (MCUs), introduces fundamental challenges in balancing model performance, computational complexity, and memory constraints.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Hamza A. Abushahla , Dara Varam , Ariel Justine N. Panopio , Mohamed I. AlHajri

This paper examines the quantization methods used in large-scale data analysis models and their hyperparameter choices. The recent surge in data analysis scale has significantly increased computational resource requirements. To address…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-01-31 Shuhei Kashiwamura , Ayaka Sakata , Masaaki Imaizumi

Model quantization can reduce the model size and computational latency, it has become an essential technique for the deployment of deep neural networks on resourceconstrained hardware (e.g., mobile phones and embedded devices). The existing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-03-10 Qigong Sun , Yan Ren , Licheng Jiao , Xiufang Li , Fanhua Shang , Fang Liu

ML-powered code generation aims to assist developers to write code in a more productive manner, by intelligently generating code blocks based on natural language prompts. Recently, large pretrained deep learning models have substantially…

Inference time, model size, and accuracy are critical for deploying deep neural network models. Numerous research efforts have been made to compress neural network models with faster inference and higher accuracy. Pruning and quantization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-06 Dan Liu , Xue Liu

As neural networks have become more powerful, there has been a rising desire to deploy them in the real world; however, the power and accuracy of neural networks is largely due to their depth and complexity, making them difficult to deploy,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-19 Olivia Weng

Large-scale pre-trained Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have gained prominence in various visual and multimodal tasks, yet the deployment of VLMs on downstream application platforms remains challenging due to their prohibitive requirements of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-27 Huixin Sun , Runqi Wang , Yanjing Li , Xianbin Cao , Xiaolong Jiang , Yao Hu , Baochang Zhang

As an effective technique to achieve the implementation of deep neural networks in edge devices, model quantization has been successfully applied in many practical applications. No matter the methods of quantization aware training (QAT) or…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-05-05 Qigong Sun , Xiufang Li , Yan Ren , Zhongjian Huang , Xu Liu , Licheng Jiao , Fang Liu

Improving the efficiency of inference in Large Language Models (LLMs) is a critical area of research. Post-training Quantization (PTQ) is a popular technique, but it often faces challenges at low-bit levels, particularly in downstream…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Wenjin Ke , Zhe Li , Dong Li , Lu Tian , Emad Barsoum

In recent years, compression of large language models (LLMs) has emerged as an important problem to enable language model deployment on resource-constrained devices, reduce computational costs, and mitigate the environmental footprint of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Sean I. Young