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Reward models (RMs) are essential for aligning large language models (LLMs) with human preferences to improve interaction quality. However, the real world is pluralistic, which leads to diversified human preferences with respect to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-18 Pengyu Cheng , Jiawen Xie , Ke Bai , Yong Dai , Nan Du

The goal of aligning language models to human preferences requires data that reveal these preferences. Ideally, time and money can be spent carefully collecting and tailoring bespoke preference data to each downstream application. However,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-09-17 Judy Hanwen Shen , Archit Sharma , Jun Qin

Human feedback plays a pivotal role in aligning large language models (LLMs) with human preferences. However, such feedback is often noisy or inconsistent, which can degrade the quality of reward models and hinder alignment. While various…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Samuel Yeh , Sharon Li

Recent advances in generative AI for music have achieved remarkable fidelity and stylistic diversity, yet these systems often fail to align with nuanced human preferences due to the specific loss functions they use. This paper advocates for…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Dorien Herremans , Abhinaba Roy

Reinforcement learning with human feedback~(RLHF) is critical for aligning Large Language Models (LLMs) with human preference. Compared to the widely studied offline version of RLHF, \emph{e.g.} direct preference optimization (DPO), recent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-13 Lichang Chen , Jiuhai Chen , Chenxi Liu , John Kirchenbauer , Davit Soselia , Chen Zhu , Tom Goldstein , Tianyi Zhou , Heng Huang

Recent advancements in text-to-speech (TTS) have shown that language model (LM)-based systems offer competitive performance to their counterparts. Further optimization can be achieved through preference alignment algorithms, which adjust…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-20 Jinchuan Tian , Chunlei Zhang , Jiatong Shi , Hao Zhang , Jianwei Yu , Shinji Watanabe , Dong Yu

Recent generative models have significantly advanced speech restoration tasks, yet their training objectives often misalign with human perceptual preferences, resulting in suboptimal quality. While post-training alignment has proven…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Junan Zhang , Xueyao Zhang , Jing Yang , Yuancheng Wang , Fan Fan , Zhizheng Wu

Alignment, endowing a pre-trained Large language model (LLM) with the ability to follow instructions, is crucial for its real-world applications. Conventional supervised fine-tuning (SFT) methods formalize it as causal language modeling…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Yuchen Fan , Yuzhong Hong , Qiushi Wang , Junwei Bao , Hongfei Jiang , Yang Song

Human-in-the-loop reinforcement learning allows the training of agents through various interfaces, even for non-expert humans. Recently, preference-based methods (PbRL), where the human has to give his preference over two trajectories,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Jakob Karalus

Reinforcement learning is one of the core components in designing an artificial intelligent system emphasizing real-time response. Reinforcement learning influences the system to take actions within an arbitrary environment either having…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-02-03 Amit Kumar Mondal

Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) is widely used to align Language Models (LMs) with human preferences. However, existing approaches often neglect individual user preferences, leading to suboptimal personalization. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-21 Allison Lau , Younwoo Choi , Vahid Balazadeh , Keertana Chidambaram , Vasilis Syrgkanis , Rahul G. Krishnan

With the rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs), aligning policy models with human preferences has become increasingly critical. Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) has emerged as a promising approach for alignment, acting as an…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Wenyi Xiao , Zechuan Wang , Leilei Gan , Shuai Zhao , Zongrui Li , Ruirui Lei , Wanggui He , Luu Anh Tuan , Long Chen , Hao Jiang , Zhou Zhao , Fei Wu

Reward modelling from preference data is a crucial step in aligning large language models (LLMs) with human values, requiring robust generalisation to novel prompt-response pairs. In this work, we propose to frame this problem in a causal…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Katarzyna Kobalczyk , Mihaela van der Schaar

Language models serve as proxies for human preference judgements in alignment and evaluation, yet they exhibit systematic miscalibration, prioritizing superficial patterns over substantive qualities. This bias manifests as overreliance on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Anirudh Bharadwaj , Chaitanya Malaviya , Nitish Joshi , Mark Yatskar

Reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) has emerged as an effective approach to aligning large language models (LLMs) to human preferences. RLHF contains three steps, i.e., human preference collecting, reward learning, and policy…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-29 Hao Lang , Fei Huang , Yongbin Li

Aligning large language models (LLMs) with human preferences is crucial for enhancing their utility in terms of helpfulness, truthfulness, safety, harmlessness, and interestingness. Existing methods for achieving this alignment often…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-04 Wenhao Liu , Xiaohua Wang , Muling Wu , Tianlong Li , Changze Lv , Zixuan Ling , Jianhao Zhu , Cenyuan Zhang , Xiaoqing Zheng , Xuanjing Huang

Aligning large language models (LLMs) with human preferences remains a key challenge in AI. Preference-based optimization methods, such as Reinforcement Learning with Human Feedback (RLHF) and Direct Preference Optimization (DPO), rely on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Xuan Qi , Jiahao Qiu , Xinzhe Juan , Yue Wu , Mengdi Wang

Understanding human perceptions presents a formidable multimodal challenge for computers, encompassing aspects such as sentiment tendencies and sense of humor. While various methods have recently been introduced to extract…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2023-11-21 Hao Sun , Ziwei Niu , Xinyao Yu , Jiaqing Liu , Yen-Wei Chen , Lanfen Lin

Deep Reinforcement Learning is widely used for aligning Large Language Models (LLM) with human preference. However, the conventional reward modelling is predominantly dependent on human annotations provided by a select cohort of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Dexun Li , Cong Zhang , Kuicai Dong , Derrick Goh Xin Deik , Ruiming Tang , Yong Liu

Concept-based explanation methods aim at making machine learning models more transparent by finding the most important semantic features of an input (e.g., colors, patterns, shapes) for a given prediction task. However, these methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Jacopo Teneggi , Zhenzhen Wang , Paul H. Yi , Tianmin Shu , Jeremias Sulam