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High-level synthesis (HLS) allows hardware designers to create hardware designs with high-level programming languages like C/C++/OpenCL, which greatly improves hardware design productivity. However, existing HLS flows require programmers'…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Haocheng Xu , Haotian Hu , Sitao Huang

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved impressive performance in code generation recently, offering programmers revolutionary assistance in software development. However, due to the auto-regressive nature of LLMs, they are susceptible…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Xue Jiang , Yihong Dong , Yongding Tao , Huanyu Liu , Zhi Jin , Wenpin Jiao , Ge Li

Modern hardware compilers increasingly rely on rich intermediate representations (IRs) to preserve optimization-relevant semantics before generating RTL code. However, one important optimization is still largely deferred to backend tools:…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Shuo Yin , Fangzhou Liu , Lancheng Zou , Rongliang Fu , Wenqian Zhao , Chen Bai , Tsung-Yi Ho , Yuan Xie , Bei Yu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become extremely potent instruments with exceptional capacities for comprehending and producing human-like text in a wide range of applications. However, the increasing size and complexity of LLMs present…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Yingbing Huang , Lily Jiaxin Wan , Hanchen Ye , Manvi Jha , Jinghua Wang , Yuhong Li , Xiaofan Zhang , Deming Chen

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have sparked growing interest in automatic RTL optimization for better performance, power, and area (PPA). However, existing methods are still far from realistic RTL optimization. Their…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Wenji Fang , Yao Lu , Shang Liu , Jing Wang , Ziyan Guo , Junxian He , Fengbin Tu , Zhiyao Xie

Through reinforcement learning (RL) with outcome correctness rewards, large reasoning models (LRMs) with scaled inference computation have demonstrated substantial success on complex reasoning tasks. However, the one-sided reward, focused…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Jiashu Yao , Heyan Huang , Shuang Zeng , Chuwei Luo , WangJie You , Jie Tang , Qingsong Liu , Yuhang Guo , Yangyang Kang

Code refactoring is a fundamental software engineering practice aimed at improving code quality and maintainability. Despite its importance, developers often neglect refactoring due to the significant time, effort, and resources it…

As text and code resources have expanded, large-scale pre-trained models have shown promising capabilities in code generation tasks, typically employing supervised fine-tuning with problem statement-program pairs. However, increasing model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-10 Nathanaël Beau , Benoît Crabbé

Loop transformations are semantics-preserving optimization techniques, widely used to maximize objectives such as parallelism. Despite decades of research, applying the optimal composition of loop transformations remains challenging due to…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Yijie Zhi , Yayu Cao , Jianhua Dai , Xiaoyang Han , Jingwen Pu , Qingran Wu , Sheng Cheng , Ming Cai

Code optimization is a challenging task requiring a substantial level of expertise from developers. Nonetheless, this level of human capacity is not sufficient considering the rapid evolution of new hardware architectures and software…

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated significant potential in automating hardware synthesis, yet substantial barriers remain for industrial-scale, datapath-centric designs due to ambiguous specifications and a lack of formal…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Kezhi Li , Min Li , Xiangyu Wen , Shibo Zhao , Jieying Wu , Junhua Huang , Qiang Xu

While model serving has unlocked unprecedented capabilities, the high cost of serving large-scale models continues to be a significant barrier to widespread accessibility and rapid innovation. Compiler optimizations have long driven…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Annabelle Sujun Tang , Christopher Priebe , Rohan Mahapatra , Lianhui Qin , Hadi Esmaeilzadeh

This paper presents CodeRefine, a novel framework for automatically transforming research paper methodologies into functional code using Large Language Models (LLMs). Our multi-step approach first extracts and summarizes key text chunks…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Ekaterina Trofimova , Emil Sataev , Abhijit Singh Jowhari

Large Language Models (LLMs) for code generation evolve rapidly through fine-tuning, merging, or new model releases. However, such updates can introduce regressions, not only in correctness but also in code quality and performance. To…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-28 Altaf Allah Abbassi , Leuson Da Silva , Amin Nikanjam , Foutse Khomh

In today's world, the focus of programmers has shifted from writing complex, error-prone code to prioritizing simple, clear, efficient, and sustainable code that makes programs easier to understand. Code refactoring plays a critical role in…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Md. Raihan Tapader , Md. Mostafizer Rahman , Ariful Islam Shiplu , Md Faizul Ibne Amin , Yutaka Watanobe

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated potential in assisting with Register Transfer Level (RTL) design tasks. Nevertheless, there remains to be a significant gap in benchmarks that accurately reflect the complexity of real-world…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Ahmed Allam , Mohamed Shalan

Large Language Models (LLM) have been widely used in reranking. Computational overhead and large context lengths remain a challenging issue for LLM rerankers. Efficient reranking usually involves selecting a subset of the ranked list from…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Nilanjan Sinhababu , Soumedhik Bharati , Debasis Ganguly , Pabitra Mitra

Tools for rewriting, refactoring and optimizing code should be fast and correct. Large language models (LLMs), by their nature, possess neither of these qualities. Yet, there remains tremendous opportunity in using LLMs to improve code. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-14 Chris Cummins , Volker Seeker , Jordi Armengol-Estapé , Aram H. Markosyan , Gabriel Synnaeve , Hugh Leather

Optimizing Register-Transfer Level (RTL) code is crucial for improving hardware PPA performance. Large Language Models (LLMs) offer new approaches for automatic RTL code generation and optimization. However, existing methods often lack…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-01-13 Bowei Wang , Qi Xiong , Zeqing Xiang , Lei Wang , Renzhi Chen

Large language models (LLMs) have catalyzed an upsurge in automatic code generation, garnering significant attention for register transfer level (RTL) code generation. Despite the potential of RTL code generation with natural language, it…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-08-14 Chenwei Xiong , Cheng Liu , Huawei Li , Xiaowei Li