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The state of the art of many learning tasks, e.g., image classification, is advanced by collecting larger datasets and then training larger models on them. As the outcome, the increasing computational cost is becoming unaffordable. In this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-17 Muyang He , Shuo Yang , Tiejun Huang , Bo Zhao

Existing pretraining data mixing methods for large language models (LLMs) typically follow a domain-wise methodology, a top-down process that first determines domain weights and then performs uniform data sampling across each domain.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Xiangyu Xi , Deyang Kong , Jian Yang , Jiawei Yang , Zhengyu Chen , Wei Wang , Jingang Wang , Xunliang Cai , Shikun Zhang , Wei Ye

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated significant potential in code generation tasks. However, there remains a performance gap between open-source and closed-source models. To address this gap, existing approaches typically…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-18 Weijie Lv , Xuan Xia , Sheng-Jun Huang

Instruction-tuning language models has become a crucial step in aligning them for general use. Typically, this process involves extensive training on large datasets, incurring high training costs. In this paper, we introduce a novel…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-19 Dheeraj Mekala , Alex Nguyen , Jingbo Shang

Fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) with limited data poses a practical challenge in low-resource languages, specialized domains, and constrained deployment settings. While pre-trained LLMs provide strong foundations, effective…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Marton Szep , Daniel Rueckert , Rüdiger von Eisenhart-Rothe , Florian Hinterwimmer

Lack of diversity in data collection has caused significant failures in machine learning (ML) applications. While ML developers perform post-collection interventions, these are time intensive and rarely comprehensive. Thus, new methods to…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-08-01 Aspen Hopkins , Fred Hohman , Luca Zappella , Xavier Suau Cuadros , Dominik Moritz

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) often rely on very large datasets for training. Given the large size of such datasets, it is conceivable that they contain certain samples that either do not contribute or negatively impact the DNN's…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-10 Kashyap Chitta , Jose M. Alvarez , Elmar Haussmann , Clement Farabet

In the current landscape of large language models (LLMs), the process of instruction tuning serves as an essential step. Considering the high computing power overhead, data-efficient instruction tuning was proposed to reduce the training…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-06 Qi Zhang , Yiming Zhang , Haobo Wang , Junbo Zhao

Instruction tuning, a specialized technique to enhance large language model (LLM) performance via instruction datasets, relies heavily on the quality of employed data. Existing quality improvement methods alter instruction data through…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-29 Yang Xu , Yongqiang Yao , Yufan Huang , Mengnan Qi , Maoquan Wang , Bin Gu , Neel Sundaresan

Clustering is often used for discovering structure in data. Clustering systems differ in the objective function used to evaluate clustering quality and the control strategy used to search the space of clusterings. Ideally, the search…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2014-11-17 D. Fisher

State-of-the-art, high capacity deep neural networks not only require large amounts of labelled training data, they are also highly susceptible to label errors in this data, typically resulting in large efforts and costs and therefore…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-20 Christian Haase-Schütz , Rainer Stal , Heinz Hertlein , Bernhard Sick

Multilingual instruction fine-tuning (IFT) empowers large language models to generalize across diverse linguistic and cultural contexts; however, high-quality, systematically curated multilingual IFT datasets remain scarce. To address this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Chunguang Zhao , Yilun Liu , Pufan Zeng , Yuanchang Luo , Shimin Tao , Minggui He , Weibin Meng , Song Xu , Chen Liu , Hongxia Ma , Li Zhang , Boxing Chen , Daimeng Wei

Recently, large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated excellent performance, inspiring researchers to explore their use in automating register transfer level (RTL) code generation and improving hardware design efficiency. However, the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-24 Peiyang Wu , Nan Guo , Xiao Xiao , Wenming Li , Xiaochun Ye , Dongrui Fan

Reinforcement learning (RL) has become an effective approach for fine-tuning large language models (LLMs), particularly to enhance their reasoning capabilities. However, RL fine-tuning remains highly resource-intensive, and existing work…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Yifan Sun , Jingyan Shen , Yibin Wang , Tianyu Chen , Zhendong Wang , Mingyuan Zhou , Huan Zhang

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated the effectiveness of Iterative Self-Improvement (ISI) techniques. However, continuous training on self-generated data leads to reduced output diversity, a limitation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Yiwei Qin , Yixiu Liu , Pengfei Liu

The success of deep learning hinges on enormous data and large models, which require labor-intensive annotations and heavy computation costs. Subset selection is a fundamental problem that can play a key role in identifying smaller portions…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Srikumar Ramalingam , Pranjal Awasthi , Sanjiv Kumar

A major challenge in Natural Language Processing is obtaining annotated data for supervised learning. An option is the use of crowdsourcing platforms for data annotation. However, crowdsourcing introduces issues related to the annotator's…

Multilingual language models often perform unevenly across different languages due to limited generalization capabilities for some languages. This issue is significant because of the growing interest in making universal language models that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Gürkan Soykan , Gözde Gül Şahin

Classification tasks require a balanced distribution of data to ensure the learner to be trained to generalize over all classes. In real-world datasets, however, the number of instances vary substantially among classes. This typically leads…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-24 Joel Jang , Yoonjeon Kim , Kyoungho Choi , Sungho Suh

Recent advances in dataset distillation have led to solutions in two main directions. The conventional batch-to-batch matching mechanism is ideal for small-scale datasets and includes bi-level optimization methods on models and syntheses,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Zhiqiang Shen , Ammar Sherif , Zeyuan Yin , Shitong Shao
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