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The human brain is a complex network comprised of functionally and anatomically interconnected brain regions. A growing number of studies have suggested that empirical estimates of brain networks may be useful for discovery of biomarkers of…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2022-11-15 Andrew Hannum , Mario A. Lopez , Saúl A. Blanco , Richard F. Betzel

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) is a primary modality for studying brain activity. Modeling spatial dependence of imaging data at different scales is one of the main challenges of contemporary neuroimaging, and it could allow…

Applications · Statistics 2016-06-16 Stefano Castruccio , Hernando Ombao , Marc G. Genton

Foundation models (FMs), large neural networks pretrained on extensive and diverse datasets, have revolutionized artificial intelligence and shown significant promise in medical imaging by enabling robust performance with limited labeled…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-17 Salah Ghamizi , Georgia Kanli , Yu Deng , Magali Perquin , Olivier Keunen

In recent years,the application of deep learning in task functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (tfMRI) decoding has led to significant advancements. However,most studies remain constrained by assumption of temporal stationarity in neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Yueyang Wu , Sinan Yang , Yanming Wang , Jiajie He , Muhammad Mohsin Pathan , Bensheng Qiu , Xiaoxiao Wang

Functional connectivity (FC) derived from resting-state fMRI plays a critical role in personalized predictions such as age and cognitive performance. However, applying foundation models(FM) to fMRI data remains challenging due to its high…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2025-08-26 Yanwen Wang , Xinglin Zhao , Yijin Song , Xiaobo Liu , Yanrong Hao , Rui Cao , Xin Wen

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data is characterized by its complexity and high--dimensionality, encompassing signals from various regions of interests (ROIs) that exhibit intricate correlations. Analyzing fMRI data directly…

Applications · Statistics 2024-01-18 Yeseul Jeon , Jeong-Jae Kim , SuMin Yu , Junggu Choi , Sanghoon Han

In recent years there has been explosive growth in the number of neuroimaging studies performed using functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI). The field that has grown around the acquisition and analysis of fMRI data is intrinsically…

Methodology · Statistics 2009-06-22 Martin A. Lindquist

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) aims to locate activated regions in human brains when specific tasks are performed. The conventional tool for analyzing fMRI data applies some variant of the linear model, which is restrictive in…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2008-08-08 Chunming Zhang , Tao Yu

Decoding brain states from functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data is vital for advancing neuroscience and clinical applications. While traditional machine learning and deep learning approaches have made strides in leveraging the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-10 Danial Jafarzadeh Jazi , Maryam Hajiesmaeili

Deep learning methods have recently made notable advances in the tasks of classification and representation learning. These tasks are important for brain imaging and neuroscience discovery, making the methods attractive for porting to a…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2014-02-20 Sergey M. Plis , Devon R. Hjelm , Ruslan Salakhutdinov , Vince D. Calhoun

We analyze functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data from the Human Connectome Project (HCP) to match brain activities during a range of cognitive tasks. Our findings demonstrate that even basic linear machine learning models can…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2025-10-08 Valeriya Kirova , Dzerassa Kadieva , Daniil Vlasenko , Isak B. Blank , Fedor Ratnikov

Now over 20 years old, functional MRI (fMRI) has a large and growing literature that is best synthesised with meta-analytic tools. As most authors do not share image data, only the peak activation coordinates (foci) reported in the paper…

Functional MRI (fMRI) is crucial for studying brain function and diagnosing neurological disorders. However, existing analysis methods suffer from reproducibility and transferability challenges due to complex preprocessing pipelines and…

A reliable foundation model of functional neuroimages is critical to promote clinical applications where the performance of current AI models is significantly impeded by a limited sample size. To that end, tremendous efforts have been made…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Ziquan Wei , Tingting Dan , Guorong Wu

Accurate identification of brain function is necessary to understand the neurobiology of cognitive ageing, and thereby promote well-being across the lifespan. A common tool used to investigate neurocognitive ageing is functional magnetic…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2020-05-21 Kamen A. Tsvetanov , Richard N. A. Henson , James B. Rowe

Functional connectomes capture brain interactions via synchronized fluctuations in the functional magnetic resonance imaging signal. If measured during rest, they map the intrinsic functional architecture of the brain. With task-driven…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2013-04-16 Gaël Varoquaux , R. C. Craddock

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) relies on multi-step data processing pipelines to accurately determine brain activity; among them, the crucial step of spatial smoothing. These pipelines are commonly suboptimal, given the local…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-10-03 Albert Vilamala , Kristoffer Hougaard Madsen , Lars Kai Hansen

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of the brain has benefited from deep learning (DL) to alleviate the burden on radiologists and MR technologists, and improve throughput. The easy accessibility of DL tools have resulted in the rapid increase…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-01-04 Kunal Aggarwal , Marina Manso Jimeno , Keerthi Sravan Ravi , Gilberto Gonzalez , Sairam Geethanath

Multimodal neuroimaging modeling has becomes a widely used approach but confronts considerable challenges due to heterogeneity, which encompasses variability in data types, scales, and formats across modalities. This variability…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2025-04-15 Gang Qu , Ziyu Zhou , Vince D. Calhoun , Aiying Zhang , Yu-Ping Wang

Accurate fMRI analysis requires sensitivity to temporal structure across multiple scales, as BOLD signals encode cognitive processes that emerge from fast transient dynamics to slower, large-scale fluctuations. Existing deep learning (DL)…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-06 Furkan Genç , Boran İsmet Macun , Sait Sarper Özaslan , Emine U. Saritas , Tolga Çukur