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Privacy policies of websites are often lengthy and intricate. Privacy assistants assist in simplifying policies and making them more accessible and user friendly. The emergence of generative AI (genAI) offers new opportunities to build…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-12-20 Aamir Hamid , Hemanth Reddy Samidi , Tim Finin , Primal Pappachan , Roberto Yus

While location data is extremely valuable for various applications, disclosing it prompts serious threats to individuals' privacy. To limit such concerns, organizations often provide analysts with aggregate time-series that indicate, e.g.,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-04-28 Apostolos Pyrgelis , Carmela Troncoso , Emiliano De Cristofaro

Growth in technology has resulted in the large-scale collection and processing of Personally Identifiable Information by organizations that run digital services such as websites, which led to the emergence of new legislation to regulate PII…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-10-14 Abdirahman Mohamed , Christopher Dare , Ayobami Esther Olanrewaju , Mercyleen Tanui , Fonyuy Boris Lami

We present CAIA, a benchmark exposing a critical blind spot in AI evaluation: the inability of state-of-the-art models to operate in adversarial, high-stakes environments where misinformation is weaponized and errors are irreversible. While…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Zeshi Dai , Zimo Peng , Zerui Cheng , Ryan Yihe Li

For over a decade, cybersecurity has relied on human labor scarcity to limit attackers to high-value targets manually or generic automated attacks at scale. Building sophisticated exploits requires deep expertise and manual effort, leading…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Terry Yue Zhuo , Yangruibo Ding , Wenbo Guo , Ruijie Meng

Autonomous AI agents powered by large language models (LLMs) with structured function-calling interfaces enable real-time data retrieval, computation, and multi-step orchestration. However, the rapid growth of plugins, connectors, and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Mohamed Amine Ferrag , Norbert Tihanyi , Djallel Hamouda , Leandros Maglaras , Abderrahmane Lakas , Merouane Debbah

When AI agents retrieve and reason over external documents, adversaries can manipulate the data they receive to subvert their behaviour. Previous research has studied indirect prompt injection, where the attacker injects malicious…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Michael Schlichtkrull

The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) systems suggests that artificial general intelligence (AGI) systems may soon arrive. Many researchers are concerned that AIs and AGIs will harm humans via intentional misuse (AI-misuse)…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-05-31 Catalin Mitelut , Ben Smith , Peter Vamplew

AI agents that take actions in their environment autonomously over extended time horizons require robust governance interventions to curb their potentially consequential risks. Prior proposals for governing AI agents primarily target…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-12-02 K. J. Kevin Feng , Tae Soo Kim , Rock Yuren Pang , Faria Huq , Tal August , Amy X. Zhang

It is difficult for individuals and organizations to protect personal information without a fundamental understanding of relative privacy risks. By analyzing over 5,000 empirical identity theft and fraud cases, this research identifies…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Haoran Niu , K. Suzanne Barber

Embodied Artificial Intelligence (AI) promises to handle edge cases in robotic vehicle systems where data is scarce by using common-sense reasoning grounded in perception and action to generalize beyond training distributions and adapt to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Luis Burbano , Diego Ortiz , Qi Sun , Siwei Yang , Haoqin Tu , Cihang Xie , Yinzhi Cao , Alvaro A Cardenas

AI agents are vulnerable to prompt injection attacks, where malicious content hijacks agent behavior to steal credentials or cause financial loss. The only known robust defense is architectural isolation that strictly separates trusted task…

Despite the growing integration of retrieval-enabled AI agents into society, their safety and ethical behavior remain inadequately understood. In particular, the integration of LLMs and AI agents with external information sources and…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Cheng Yu , Benedikt Stroebl , Diyi Yang , Orestis Papakyriakopoulos

Distributed Artificial Intelligence (DAI) is regarded as one of the most promising techniques to provide intelligent services under strict privacy protection regulations for multiple clients. By applying DAI, training on raw data is carried…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-01-24 Guoqing Ma , Shuping Dang , Chuanting Zhang , Basem Shihada

Web agents can autonomously complete online tasks by interacting with websites, but their exposure to open web environments makes them vulnerable to prompt injection attacks embedded in HTML content or visual interfaces. Existing guard…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Tri Cao , Yulin Chen , Hieu Cao , Yibo Li , Khoi Le , Thong Nguyen , Yuexin Li , Yufei He , Yue Liu , Shuicheng Yan , Bryan Hooi

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has witnessed major growth and integration across various domains. As AI systems become increasingly prevalent, they also become targets for threat actors to manipulate their functionality for malicious…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Sahil Girhepuje , Aviral Verma , Gaurav Raina

With the introduction of regulations related to the ``right to be forgotten", federated learning (FL) is facing new privacy compliance challenges. To address these challenges, researchers have proposed federated unlearning (FU). However,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-09 Lei Zhou , Youwen Zhu

In this work, we introduce PII-Scope, a comprehensive benchmark designed to evaluate state-of-the-art methodologies for PII extraction attacks targeting LLMs across diverse threat settings. Our study provides a deeper understanding of these…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Krishna Kanth Nakka , Ahmed Frikha , Ricardo Mendes , Xue Jiang , Xuebing Zhou

This chapter introduces the concept of Autonomous Intelligent Cyber-defense Agents (AICAs), and briefly explains the importance of this field and the motivation for its emergence. AICA is a software agent that resides on a system, and is…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-04-26 Alexander Kott

The rapid adoption of deep learning in sensitive domains has brought tremendous benefits. However, this widespread adoption has also given rise to serious vulnerabilities, particularly model inversion (MI) attacks, posing a significant…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-01 Wencheng Yang , Song Wang , Di Wu , Taotao Cai , Yanming Zhu , Shicheng Wei , Yiying Zhang , Xu Yang , Zhaohui Tang , Yan Li