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Related papers: Exploring the Trade-Offs: Quantization Methods, Ta…

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Post-training quantization (PTQ) is a promising approach to reducing the storage and computational requirements of large language models (LLMs) without additional training cost. Recent PTQ studies have primarily focused on quantizing only…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Reena Elangovan , Charbel Sakr , Anand Raghunathan , Brucek Khailany

Deploying large language models (LLMs) in resource-constrained environments is hindered by heavy computational and memory requirements. We present LBLLM, a lightweight binarization framework that achieves effective W(1+1)A4 quantization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Siqing Song , Chuang Wang , Yong Lang , Yi Yang , Xu-Yao Zhang

Quantization is widely used to accelerate inference and streamline the deployment of large language models (LLMs), yet its effects on self-explanations (SEs) remain unexplored. SEs, generated by LLMs to justify their own outputs, require…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-05 Qianli Wang , Nils Feldhus , Pepa Atanasova , Fedor Splitt , Simon Ostermann , Sebastian Möller , Vera Schmitt

The growing use of large language models has raised environmental and economic concerns about their intensity of resource usage during inference. Serving these models to each user requires substantial energy and water for cooling. Model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Deyu Cao , Samin Aref

We present a systematic evaluation of large language models on quantum mechanics problem-solving. Our study evaluates 15 models from five providers (OpenAI, Anthropic, Google, Alibaba, DeepSeek) spanning three capability tiers on 20 tasks…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-24 S. K. Rithvik

With the rapid increase in the size of neural networks, model compression has become an important area of research. Quantization is an effective technique at decreasing the model size, memory access, and compute load of large models.…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-05-26 David Qiu , David Rim , Shaojin Ding , Oleg Rybakov , Yanzhang He

Quantizing the activations of large language models (LLMs) has been a significant challenge due to the presence of structured outliers. Most existing methods focus on the per-token or per-tensor quantization of activations, making it…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-28 Jinguang Wang , Yuexi Yin , Haifeng Sun , Qi Qi , Jingyu Wang , Zirui Zhuang , Tingting Yang , Jianxin Liao

QLoRA reduces the memory-cost of fine-tuning a large language model (LLM) with LoRA by quantizing the base LLM. However, quantization introduces quantization errors that negatively impact model performance after fine-tuning. In this paper…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Neal Lawton , Aishwarya Padmakumar , Judith Gaspers , Jack FitzGerald , Anoop Kumar , Greg Ver Steeg , Aram Galstyan

Weight-only quantization has become a standard approach for efficiently serving large language models (LLMs). However, existing methods fail to efficiently compress models to binary (1-bit) levels, as they either require large amounts of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Hyochan Chong , Dongkyu Kim , Changdong Kim , Minseop Choi

Large language models of code exhibit high capability in performing diverse software engineering tasks, such as code translation, defect detection, text-to-code generation, and code summarization. While their ability to enhance developer…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Aftab Hussain , Sadegh AlMahdi Kazemi Zarkouei , Md Rafiqul Islam Rabin , Mohammad Amin Alipour , Sen Lin , Bowen Xu

Large Language Models (LLMs) from the GPT family have become extremely popular, leading to a race towards reducing their inference costs to allow for efficient local computation. Yet, the vast majority of existing work focuses on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-03 Saleh Ashkboos , Ilia Markov , Elias Frantar , Tingxuan Zhong , Xincheng Wang , Jie Ren , Torsten Hoefler , Dan Alistarh

Large Language Models (LLMs) face significant deployment challenges due to their substantial memory requirements and the computational demands of auto-regressive text generation process. This paper addresses these challenges by focusing on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-21 Yuxuan Yue , Zhihang Yuan , Haojie Duanmu , Sifan Zhou , Jianlong Wu , Liqiang Nie

There are growing interests in adapting large-scale language models using parameter-efficient fine-tuning methods. However, accelerating the model itself and achieving better inference efficiency through model compression has not been…

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed on edge devices under strict computation and quantization constraints, yet their security implications remain unclear. We study query-based knowledge extraction from quantized…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Ao Ding , Hongzong Li , Zi Liang , Zhanpeng Shi , Shuxin Zhuang , Shiqin Tang , Rong Feng , Ping Lu

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable advancements in natural language processing, showcasing exceptional performance across various tasks. However, the expensive memory and computational requirements present significant…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Ruihao Gong , Yifu Ding , Zining Wang , Chengtao Lv , Xingyu Zheng , Jinyang Du , Haotong Qin , Jinyang Guo , Michele Magno , Xianglong Liu

Quantization-aware training (QAT) is an effective method to drastically reduce the memory footprint of LLMs while keeping performance degradation at an acceptable level. However, the optimal choice of quantization format and bit-width…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-18 Sohir Maskey , Constantin Eichenberg , Johannes Messner , Douglas Orr

Large Language Models (LLMs) are proficient in natural language processing tasks, but their deployment is often restricted by extensive parameter sizes and computational demands. This paper focuses on post-training quantization (PTQ) in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-19 Janghwan Lee , Minsoo Kim , Seungcheol Baek , Seok Joong Hwang , Wonyong Sung , Jungwook Choi

Post-training quantization of Large Language Models (LLMs) has proven effective in reducing the memory and computational requirements for inference. In this study, we focus on a straightforward question: When aiming for a target accuracy or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Zeyu Cao , Boyang Gu , Cheng Zhang , Pedro Gimenes , Jianqiao Lu , Jianyi Cheng , Xitong Gao , Yiren Zhao

Language Models (LLMs) are often quantized to lower precision to reduce the memory cost and latency in inference. However, quantization often degrades model performance, thus fine-tuning is required for various down-stream tasks.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Jiajun Zhou , Yifan Yang , Kai Zhen , Ziyue Liu , Yequan Zhao , Ershad Banijamali , Athanasios Mouchtaris , Ngai Wong , Zheng Zhang

Large speech recognition models like Whisper-small achieve high accuracy but are difficult to deploy on edge devices due to their high computational demand. To this end, we present a unified, cross-library evaluation of post-training…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-22 Arthur Söhler , Julian Irigoyen , Andreas Søeborg Kirkedal