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Rydberg atoms, with their giant electric dipole moments and tunable energy-level transitions, offer exceptional potential for microwave (MW) electric field sensing, combining high sensitivity and broad frequency coverage. However,…
A highly excited Rydberg atom via electromagnetically induced transparency with two color cascading lasers has extreme sensitivity to electric fields of microwave ranging from 100 MHz to over 1 THz. It can be used as susceptible atom-based…
Radio frequency antennas based on highly excited Rydberg atom vapors can in principle reach sensitivities beyond those of any conventional wire antenna, especially at lower frequencies where very long wires are needed to accommodate the…
This paper explores the sensitivity gains afforded by spin-squeezed states in atom interferometry, in particular using Bragg diffraction. We introduce a generalised input-output formalism that accurately describes realistic, non-unitary…
Rydberg atomic sensors and receivers have enabled sensitive and traceable measurements of RF fields at a wide range of frequencies. Here we demonstrate the detection of electric field amplitude in the extremely high frequency (EHF) band, at…
Microwave sensing has important applications in areas such as data communication and remote sensing, so it has received much attention from international academia, industry, and governments. Atomic wireless sensing uses the strong response…
We theoretically study a scheme to develop an atomic based MW interferometry using the Rydberg states in Rb. Unlike the traditional MW interferometry, this scheme is not based upon the electrical circuits, hence the sensitivity of the phase…
Rydberg atoms have been shown remarkable performance in sensing microwave field. The sensitivity of such an electrometer based on optical readout of atomic ensemble has been demonstrated to approach the photon-shot-noise limit. However, the…
We observe and characterize intrinsic optical bistability in a dilute Rydberg vapor. The bistability is characterized by sharp jumps between states of low and high Rydberg occupancy with jump up and down positions displaying hysteresis…
A number of improvements have been added to the existing analytical model of hysteresis loop defined in parametric form. In particular, three phase shifts are included in the model, which permits to tilt the hysteresis loop smoothly by the…
Rydberg-atom electrometry, as an emerging cutting-edge technology, features high sensitivity, broad bandwidth, calibration-free operation, and beyond. However, until now the key atomic vapor cells used for confining electric field-sensitive…
In recent years the interest in studying interactions of Rydberg atoms or ensembles thereof with optical and microwave frequency fields has steadily increased, both in the context of basic research and for potential applications in quantum…
Microwave electric (MW) field measurements utilizing Rydberg atoms have witnessed significant advancements, achieving remarkable sensitivity, albeit limited to discrete MW frequencies resonant with Rydberg states. Recently, various…
We report the enhanced optical transmission in the coherent, off-resonant excitation of Rydberg atom gases at room temperature via a two-photon process. Here thermal resonance-enhanced transparency (TRET) is induced when the detuning of the…
We investigate the phenomenon of bistability in a thermal gas of cesium atoms excited to Rydberg states. We present both measurements and a numerical model of the phenomena based on collisions. By directly measuring the plasma frequency, we…
We experimentally demonstrate an original method to measure very accurately the density of a frozen Rydberg gas. It is based on the use of adiabatic transitions induced by the long-range dipole-dipole interaction in pairs of nearest…
By exploiting the correlation properties of ultracold atoms in a multi-mode interferometer, we show how quantum enhanced measurement precision can be achieved with strong robustness to particle loss. While the potential for enhanced…
We present a Rydberg atom-based microwave electric field sensor that achieves extended dynamic range and enhanced sensitivity across a broad bandwidth. By characterizing the Autler-Townes (AT) splitting induced by a single-tone microwave…
Atom interferometers provide exquisite measurements of the properties of non-inertial frames. While atomic interactions are typically detrimental to good sensing, efforts to harness entanglement to improve sensitivity remain tantalizing.…
The pursuit of topological phenomena in non-Hermitian systems has unveiled new physics beyond the conventional Hermitian paradigm, yet their realization in interacting many-body platforms remains a critical challenge. Exploring this…