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Deep Neural Networks (DNNs), despite their tremendous success in recent years, could still cast doubts on their predictions due to the intrinsic uncertainty associated with their learning process. Ensemble techniques and post-hoc…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-03 Chunwei Ma , Ziyun Huang , Jiayi Xian , Mingchen Gao , Jinhui Xu

In the recent literature on machine learning and decision making, calibration has emerged as a desirable and widely-studied statistical property of the outputs of binary prediction models. However, the algorithmic aspects of measuring model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-24 Lunjia Hu , Arun Jambulapati , Kevin Tian , Chutong Yang

Ranking models are extensively used in e-commerce for relevance estimation. These models often suffer from poor interpretability and no scale calibration, particularly when trained with typical ranking loss functions. This paper addresses…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Piotr Bajger , Roman Dusek , Krzysztof Galias , Paweł Młyniec , Aleksander Wawer , Paweł Zawistowski

Deep neural networks often produce overconfident predictions, undermining their reliability in safety-critical applications. This miscalibration is further exacerbated under distribution shift, where test data deviates from the training…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Yilin Zhang , Cai Xu , You Wu , Ziyu Guan , Wei Zhao

Obtaining accurate and well calibrated probability estimates from classifiers is useful in many applications, for example, when minimising the expected cost of classifications. Existing methods of calibrating probability estimates are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-09-17 Tim Leathart , Eibe Frank , Geoffrey Holmes , Bernhard Pfahringer

Data analysis based on information from several sources is common in economic and biomedical studies. This setting is often referred to as the data fusion problem, which differs from traditional missing data problems since no complete data…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-04-07 Wei Li , Shanshan Luo , Wangli Xu

Quantifying uncertainty in deep regression models is important both for understanding the confidence of the model and for safe decision-making in high-risk domains. Existing approaches that yield prediction intervals overlook distributional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Adriel Sosa Marco , John Daniel Kirwan , Alexia Toumpa , Simos Gerasimou

Machine learning models deployed in real-world applications are often evaluated with precision-based metrics such as F1-score or AUC-PR (Area Under the Curve of Precision Recall). Heavily dependent on the class prior, such metrics make it…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-29 Wissam Siblini , Jordan Fréry , Liyun He-Guelton , Frédéric Oblé , Yi-Qing Wang

Forecast systems in science and technology are increasingly moving beyond point prediction toward methods that produce full predictive distributions of future outcomes y, conditional on high-dimensional and complex sequences of inputs x.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-03-13 Elizabeth Cucuzzella , Rafael Izbicki , Ann B. Lee

Modern neural networks have proven to be powerful function approximators, providing state-of-the-art performance in a multitude of applications. They however fall short in their ability to quantify confidence in their predictions - this is…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-06-29 Alex J. Chan , Ahmed M. Alaa , Zhaozhi Qian , Mihaela van der Schaar

Optimizing proper loss functions is popularly believed to yield predictors with good calibration properties; the intuition being that for such losses, the global optimum is to predict the ground-truth probabilities, which is indeed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-11 Jarosław Błasiok , Parikshit Gopalan , Lunjia Hu , Preetum Nakkiran

When a machine learning model is deployed, its predictions can alter its environment, as better informed agents strategize to suit their own interests. With such alterations in mind, existing approaches to uncertainty quantification break.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-11-05 Daniel Csillag , Claudio José Struchiner , Guilherme Tegoni Goedert

The partitioning of data for estimation and calibration critically impacts the performance of propensity score based estimators like inverse probability weighting (IPW) and double/debiased machine learning (DML) frameworks. We extend recent…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-05-20 Sven Klaassen , Jan Rabenseifner , Jannis Kueck , Philipp Bach

Since state-of-the-art uncertainty estimation methods are often computationally demanding, we investigate whether incorporating prior information can improve uncertainty estimates in conventional deep neural networks. Our focus is on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-21 Fabian Denoodt , José Oramas

Distributional forecasts are important for a wide variety of applications, including forecasting epidemics. Often, forecasts are miscalibrated, or unreliable in assigning uncertainty to future events. We present a recalibration method that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-11 Aaron Rumack , Ryan J. Tibshirani , Roni Rosenfeld

Recent studies have shown that deep neural networks are not well-calibrated and often produce over-confident predictions. The miscalibration issue primarily stems from using cross-entropy in classifications, which aims to align predicted…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-05 Daehwan Kim , Haejun Chung , Ikbeom Jang

Methods for split conformal prediction leverage calibration samples to transform any prediction rule into a set-prediction rule that complies with a target coverage probability. Existing methods provide remarkably strong performance…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-10-15 Santiago Mazuelas

Accurately predicting the probabilities of user feedback, such as clicks and conversions, is critical for advertisement ranking and bidding. However, there often exist unwanted mismatches between predicted probabilities and true likelihoods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-22 Yuang Zhao , Chuhan Wu , Qinglin Jia , Hong Zhu , Jia Yan , Libin Zong , Linxuan Zhang , Zhenhua Dong , Muyu Zhang

Reliable long-horizon value prediction is difficult in offline reinforcement learning because fitted value methods combine bootstrapping, function approximation, and distribution shift, while standard guarantees often require Bellman…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-11 Lars van der Laan , Nathan Kallus

The Bayesian conjugate gradient method offers probabilistic solutions to linear systems but suffers from poor calibration, limiting its utility in uncertainty quantification tasks. Recent approaches leveraging postiterations to construct…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-08-13 Niall Vyas , Disha Hegde , Jon Cockayne