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Hierarchical reinforcement learning (HRL) helps address large-scale and sparse reward issues in reinforcement learning. In HRL, the policy model has an inner representation structured in levels. With this structure, the reinforcement…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-02-07 Wen-Ji Zhou , Yang Yu

Autonomous agents play a crucial role in advancing Artificial General Intelligence, enabling problem decomposition and tool orchestration through Large Language Models (LLMs). However, existing paradigms face a critical trade-off. On one…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Jinzhou Tang , Jusheng Zhang , Qinhan Lv , Sidi Liu , Jing Yang , Chengpei Tang , Keze Wang

Humans can leverage hierarchical structures to split a task into sub-tasks and solve problems efficiently. Both imitation and reinforcement learning or a combination of them with hierarchical structures have been proven to be an efficient…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-12-15 Yaru Niu , Yijun Gu

In today's rapidly evolving military landscape, advancing artificial intelligence (AI) in support of wargaming becomes essential. Despite reinforcement learning (RL) showing promise for developing intelligent agents, conventional RL faces…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-27 Scotty Black

The use of imitation learning to learn a single policy for a complex task that has multiple modes or hierarchical structure can be challenging. In fact, previous work has shown that when the modes are known, learning separate policies for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-03-13 Arjun Sharma , Mohit Sharma , Nicholas Rhinehart , Kris M. Kitani

Information retrieval (IR) systems need to constantly update their knowledge as target objects and user queries change over time. Due to the power-law nature of linguistic data, learning lexical concepts is a problem resisting standard…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-11-01 Jacopo Tagliabue , Reuben Cohn-Gordon

Learning to solve long horizon temporally extended tasks with reinforcement learning has been a challenge for several years now. We believe that it is important to leverage both the hierarchical structure of complex tasks and to use expert…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-18 Bharat Prakash , Nicholas Waytowich , Tim Oates , Tinoosh Mohsenin

In-context learning (ICL) has emerged as a new approach to various natural language processing tasks, utilizing large language models (LLMs) to make predictions based on context that has been supplemented with a few examples or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-23 Linyong Nan , Yilun Zhao , Weijin Zou , Narutatsu Ri , Jaesung Tae , Ellen Zhang , Arman Cohan , Dragomir Radev

Despite recent advances in the field of explainable artificial intelligence systems, a concrete quantitative measure for evaluating the usability of such systems is nonexistent. Ensuring the success of an explanatory interface in…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2020-10-26 Byung Hyung Kim , Seunghun Koh , Sejoon Huh , Sungho Jo , Sunghee Choi

World models improve a learning agent's ability to efficiently operate in interactive and situated environments. This work focuses on the task of building world models of text-based game environments. Text-based games, or interactive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-22 Prithviraj Ammanabrolu , Mark O. Riedl

Social norms serve as an important mechanism to regulate the behaviors of agents and to facilitate coordination among them in multiagent systems. One important research question is how a norm can rapidly emerge through repeated local…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2018-03-09 Tianpei Yang , Jianye Hao , Zhaopeng Meng , Sandip Sen , Sheng Jin

Machine Learning (ML) is becoming more prevalent in the systems we use daily. Yet designers of these systems are under-equipped to design with these technologies. Recently, interactive visualizations have been used to present ML concepts to…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2020-09-15 Chelsea M. Myers , Jiachi Xie , Jichen Zhu

Deep neural models have hitherto achieved significant performances on numerous classification tasks, but meanwhile require sufficient manually annotated data. Since it is extremely time-consuming and expensive to annotate adequate data for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-05 Yinghui Li , Ruiyang Liu , ZiHao Zhang , Ning Ding , Ying Shen , Linmi Tao , Hai-Tao Zheng

In recent years, the development of robotics and artificial intelligence (AI) systems has been nothing short of remarkable. As these systems continue to evolve, they are being utilized in increasingly complex and unstructured environments,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Maryam Zare , Parham M. Kebria , Abbas Khosravi , Saeid Nahavandi

Hierarchical reinforcement learning (HRL) has seen widespread interest as an approach to tractable learning of complex modular behaviors. However, existing work either assume access to expert-constructed hierarchies, or use…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-19 Kurtland Chua , Qi Lei , Jason D. Lee

We investigate whether \emph{LLM-based agents} can develop task-oriented communication protocols that differ from standard natural language in collaborative reasoning tasks. Our focus is on two core properties such task-oriented protocols…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Boaz Carmeli , Orr Paradise , Shafi Goldwasser , Yonatan Belinkov , Ron Meir

Controllability has become a crucial aspect of trustworthy machine learning, enabling learners to meet predefined targets and adapt dynamically at test time without requiring retraining as the targets shift. We provide a formal definition…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Chenglei Shen , Xiao Zhang , Teng Shi , Changshuo Zhang , Guofu Xie , Jun Xu

Responsiveness in large language model (LLM) applications is widely assumed to be critical, yet the impact of latency on user behavior and perception of output quality has not been systematically explored. We report a controlled experiment…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Felicia Fang-Yi Tan , Moritz A. Messerschmidt , Wen Yin , Oded Nov

Recommending novel content, which expands user horizons by introducing them to new interests, has been shown to improve users' long-term experience on recommendation platforms \cite{chen2021values}. Users however are not constantly looking…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-06-05 Pan Li , Yuyan Wang , Ed H. Chi , Minmin Chen

Natural language instruction following is paramount to enable collaboration between artificial agents and human beings. Natural language-conditioned reinforcement learning (RL) agents have shown how natural languages' properties, such as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Kevin Denamganaï , Daniel Hernandez , Ozan Vardal , Sondess Missaoui , James Alfred Walker