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We present a new framework to study the time variation of fundamental constants in a model-independent way. Model independence implies more free parameters than assumed in previous studies. Using data from atomic clocks based on $^{87}$Sr,…

We define what it means for time translation symmetry to be spontaneously broken in a quantum system, and show with analytical arguments and numerical simulations that this occurs in a large class of many-body-localized driven systems with…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2016-08-31 Dominic V. Else , Bela Bauer , Chetan Nayak

Recent progress in the realm of noisy, intermediate scale quantum (NISQ) devices represents an exciting opportunity for many-body physics, by introducing new laboratory platforms with unprecedented control and measurement capabilities. We…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2021-09-24 Matteo Ippoliti , Kostyantyn Kechedzhi , Roderich Moessner , S. L. Sondhi , Vedika Khemani

The breaking of the continuous time-translation symmetry manifests, in Markovian open quantum systems, through the emergence of non-stationary dynamical phases. Systems that display nonequilibrium transitions into these phases are referred…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2022-05-04 Federico Carollo , Igor Lesanovsky

We present numerical simulations for a chiral soliton model with N=2,3 bosons in a ring, this being a few-particle version of our previous mean-field model for a quantum time crystal. Following Syrwid, Kosior, and Sacha (SKS), the notion is…

Quantum Gases · Physics 2024-06-18 Patrik Öhberg , Ewan M Wright

We focus on a Hamiltonian system with a continuous symmetry, and dynamics that takes place on a presymplectic manifold. We explain how the symmetry can become spontaneously broken by a time crystal, that we define as the minimum of the…

Pattern Formation and Solitons · Physics 2020-05-05 Jin Dai , Antti J. Niemi , Xubiao Peng

We study the evolution of quantum fluctuations in systems known as time crystals, hypothetical systems for which the lowest energy state performs a periodic motion. We first discuss some general properties shared by time crystals, and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-10-10 Esteban Castillo , Benjamin Koch , Gonzalo Palma

Temporal quantum correlations provide an intriguing way of testing quantumness at the macroscopic level, with a logical hierarchy present among the quantum correlations associated with nonmacrorealism, temporal steering, and temporal…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-26 Hao-Cheng Weng , Chen-Yeh Wei , Huan-Yu Ku , Shin-Liang Chen , Yueh-Nan Chen , Chih-Sung Chuu

We show that an ultra-cold atomic cloud bouncing on an oscillating mirror can reveal spontaneous breaking of a discrete time translation symmetry. In many-body simulations we illustrate the process of the symmetry breaking that can be…

Quantum Gases · Physics 2016-08-11 Krzysztof Sacha

Discrete time quasicrystals (DTQC) constitute a class of non-equilibrium matter characterized by temporal order without strict periodicity, in contrast to conventional time crystals. Investigating these phenomena is essential for expanding…

Discrete time crystals are periodically driven systems characterized by a response with periodicity $nT$, with $T$ the period of the drive and $n>1$. Typically, $n$ is an integer and bounded from above by the dimension of the local (or…

Other Condensed Matter · Physics 2021-04-27 Andrea Pizzi , Johannes Knolle , Andreas Nunnenkamp

A spacetime crystal is a phase of matter that spontaneously develops periodic order in both space and time. Spacetime crystals have been experimentally observed in microscopic quantum many-body systems and, very recently, in a mesoscopic…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2026-03-11 Guoqing Liu , Jimin Bai , Matteo Baggioli , Jie Zhang

Rapid modulation of the electromagnetic response in both time and space creates temporal boundaries in the medium and leads to time-reflection and time-refraction of light and to the eventual formation of the photonic time crystal within…

Optics · Physics 2024-10-01 Evgenii E. Narimanov

We show that time translation symmetry of a ring system with a macroscopic quantum ground state is broken by decoherence. In particular, we consider a ring-shaped incommensurate charge density wave (ICDW ring) threaded by a fluctuating…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-09-28 Keiji Nakatsugawa , Toshiyuki Fujii , Satoshi Tanda

Driven many-body systems have been shown to exhibit discrete time crystal phases characterized by broken discrete time-translational symmetry. This has been achieved generally through a subharmonic response, in which the system undergoes…

Pattern Formation and Solitons · Physics 2021-05-13 Zachary G. Nicolaou , Adilson E. Motter

We consider the possibility that classical dynamical systems display motion in their lowest energy state, forming a time analogue of crystalline spatial order. Challenges facing that idea are identified and overcome. We display arbitrary…

Other Condensed Matter · Physics 2013-05-30 Alfred Shapere , Frank Wilczek

A remarkable consequence of spontaneously breaking the time translational symmetry in a system, is the emergence of time crystals. In periodically driven systems, discrete time crystals (DTC) can be realized which have a periodicity that is…

The experimental proofs of strong time invariance violation in optics are discussed. Time noninvariance is the only real physical base for explanation the origin of the most phenomena in nonlinear optics. The experimental study of forward…

General Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 V. A. Kuz'menko

We show here through experiments and exact analytical models the emergence of discrete time translation symmetry breaking in non-interacting systems. These time-periodic structures become stable against perturbations only in the presence of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-07-27 Jianpei Geng , Vadim Vorobyov , Durga Dasari , Joerg Wrachtrup

Here, we show that isorefractive spacetime crystals with a travelling-wave modulation may mimic rigorously the response of moving material systems. While generic spacetime crystals are characterized by a bi-anisotropic coupling in the…

Applied Physics · Physics 2023-03-06 Filipa R. Prudêncio , Mário G. Silveirinha