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The widespread use of deep learning technology across various industries has made deep neural network models highly valuable and, as a result, attractive targets for potential attackers. Model extraction attacks, particularly query-based…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-12-25 Zeyu Li , Chenghui Shi , Yuwen Pu , Xuhong Zhang , Yu Li , Jinbao Li , Shouling Ji

Data-free model stealing involves replicating the functionality of a target model into a substitute model without accessing the target model's structure, parameters, or training data. The adversary can only access the target model's…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-23 Gaozheng Pei , Shaojie lyu , Ke Ma , Pinci Yang , Qianqian Xu , Yingfei Sun

Over the past years, Machine Learning-as-a-Service (MLaaS) has received a surging demand for supporting Machine Learning-driven services to offer revolutionized user experience across diverse application areas. MLaaS provides inference…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-10 Yuke Hu , Jian Lou , Jiaqi Liu , Wangze Ni , Feng Lin , Zhan Qin , Kui Ren

We propose a novel MLaaS Dataset Generator (MDG) framework that creates configurable and reproducible datasets for evaluating Machine Learning as a Service (MLaaS) selection and composition. MDG simulates realistic MLaaS behaviour by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Deepak Kanneganti , Sajib Mistry , Sheik Fattah , Joshua Boland , Aneesh Krishna

Machine learning (ML) has become a core component of many real-world applications and training data is a key factor that drives current progress. This huge success has led Internet companies to deploy machine learning as a service (MLaaS).…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-12-18 Ahmed Salem , Yang Zhang , Mathias Humbert , Pascal Berrang , Mario Fritz , Michael Backes

The advent of Machine Learning as a Service (MLaaS) has heightened the trade-off between model explainability and security. In particular, explainability techniques, such as counterfactual explanations, inadvertently increase the risk of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Awa Khouna , Julien Ferry , Thibaut Vidal

Previous studies have revealed that artificial intelligence (AI) systems are vulnerable to adversarial attacks. Among them, model extraction attacks fool the target model by generating adversarial examples on a substitute model. The core of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-17 Renyang Liu , Jinhong Zhang , Kwok-Yan Lam , Jun Zhao , Wei Zhou

Machine Learning-as-a-Service (MLaaS) has become a widespread paradigm, making even the most complex machine learning models available for clients via e.g. a pay-per-query principle. This allows users to avoid time-consuming processes of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-07 Daryna Oliynyk , Rudolf Mayer , Andreas Rauber

Machine Learning models, extensively used for various multimedia applications, are offered to users as a blackbox service on the Cloud on a pay-per-query basis. Such blackbox models are commercially valuable to adversaries, making them…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-02-04 Vasisht Duddu , D. Vijay Rao

As machine learning models become more accurate, they typically become more complex and uninterpretable by humans. The black-box character of these models holds back its acceptance in practice, especially in high-risk domains where the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-08-19 Ajaya Adhikari , D. M. J Tax , Riccardo Satta , Matthias Fath

Machine Learning as a Service (MLaaS) enables users to leverage powerful machine learning models through cloud-based APIs, offering scalability and ease of deployment. However, these services are vulnerable to model extraction attacks,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Amit Chakraborty , Sayyed Farid Ahamed , Sandip Roy , Soumya Banerjee , Kevin Choi , Abdul Rahman , Alison Hu , Edward Bowen , Sachin Shetty

In federated learning (FL), accommodating clients' varied computational capacities poses a challenge, often limiting the participation of those with constrained resources in global model training. To address this issue, the concept of model…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Feijie Wu , Xingchen Wang , Yaqing Wang , Tianci Liu , Lu Su , Jing Gao

Model extraction attacks aim to replicate the functionality of a black-box model through query access, threatening the intellectual property (IP) of machine-learning-as-a-service (MLaaS) providers. Defending against such attacks is…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Xueqi Cheng , Minxing Zheng , Shixiang Zhu , Yushun Dong

The availability of large amounts of user-provided data has been key to the success of machine learning for many real-world tasks. Recently, an increasing awareness has emerged that users should be given more control about how their data is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-09 Alexandra Peste , Dan Alistarh , Christoph H. Lampert

Ensembles are popular methods for solving practical supervised learning problems. They reduce the risk of having underperforming models in production-grade software. Although critical, methods for learning heterogeneous regression ensembles…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-04-18 Jihed Khiari , Luis Moreira-Matias , Ammar Shaker , Bernard Zenko , Saso Dzeroski

Machine unlearning, a process enabling pre-trained models to remove the influence of specific training samples, has attracted significant attention in recent years. While extensive research has focused on developing efficient unlearning…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Heng Xu , Tianqing Zhu , Wanlei Zhou

Self-Supervised Learning (SSL) is an increasingly popular ML paradigm that trains models to transform complex inputs into representations without relying on explicit labels. These representations encode similarity structures that enable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-30 Adam Dziedzic , Nikita Dhawan , Muhammad Ahmad Kaleem , Jonas Guan , Nicolas Papernot

The rapid proliferation of the Internet of Things (IoT) continues to expose critical security vulnerabilities, necessitating the development of efficient and robust intrusion detection systems (IDS). Machine learning-based intrusion…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-11 Jing Chen , Onat Gungor , Zhengli Shang , Tajana Rosing

Extracting actionable information rapidly from data produced by instruments such as the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS-II) and Advanced Photon Source Upgrade (APS-U) is becoming ever more challenging due to high (up to TB/s) data rates.…

Structured data-quality issues, such as missing values correlated with demographics, culturally biased labels, or systemic selection biases, routinely degrade the reliability of machine-learning pipelines. Regulators now increasingly demand…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Jiongli Zhu , Geyang Xu , Felipe Lorenzi , Boris Glavic , Babak Salimi