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Language models serve as a cornerstone in natural language processing (NLP), utilizing mathematical methods to generalize language laws and knowledge for prediction and generation. Over extensive research spanning decades, language modeling…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Zichong Wang , Zhibo Chu , Thang Viet Doan , Shiwen Ni , Min Yang , Wenbin Zhang

The integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) into the drug discovery and development field marks a significant paradigm shift, offering novel methodologies for understanding disease mechanisms, facilitating drug discovery, and optimizing…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2024-09-10 Yizhen Zheng , Huan Yee Koh , Maddie Yang , Li Li , Lauren T. May , Geoffrey I. Webb , Shirui Pan , George Church

Recent times are witnessing rapid development in machine learning algorithm systems, especially in reinforcement learning, natural language processing, computer and robot vision, image processing, speech, and emotional processing and…

Large Language Models (LLMs) possess substantial reasoning capabilities and are increasingly applied to optimization tasks, particularly in synergy with evolutionary computation. However, while recent surveys have explored specific aspects…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Yisong Zhang , Ran Cheng , Guoxing Yi , Kay Chen Tan

Protein research is crucial in various fundamental disciplines, but understanding their intricate structure-function relationships remains challenging. Recent Large Language Models (LLMs) have made significant strides in comprehending…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-01-24 Chao Wang , Hehe Fan , Ruijie Quan , Yi Yang

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have unlocked novel opportunities for machine learning applications in the financial domain. These models have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in understanding context, processing vast…

General Finance · Quantitative Finance 2024-06-19 Yuqi Nie , Yaxuan Kong , Xiaowen Dong , John M. Mulvey , H. Vincent Poor , Qingsong Wen , Stefan Zohren

Molecular dynamics (MD) is a powerful approach for modelling molecular systems, but it remains computationally intensive on spatial and time scales of many macromolecular systems of biological interest. To explore the opportunities offered…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2025-08-07 Mhd Hussein Murtada , Z. Faidon Brotzakis , Michele Vendruscolo

Text embedding has become a foundational technology in natural language processing (NLP) during the deep learning era, driving advancements across a wide array of downstream tasks. While many natural language understanding challenges can…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Zhijie Nie , Zhangchi Feng , Mingxin Li , Cunwang Zhang , Yanzhao Zhang , Dingkun Long , Richong Zhang

Recent advances in artificial intelligence, particularly large language models LLMs, have shown promising capabilities in transforming rare disease research. This survey paper explores the integration of LLMs in the analysis of rare…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Valentina Carbonari , Pierangelo Veltri , Pietro Hiram Guzzi

Artificial intelligence (AI) has a profound impact on traditional education. In recent years, large language models (LLMs) have been increasingly used in various applications such as natural language processing, computer vision, speech…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Hanyi Xu , Wensheng Gan , Zhenlian Qi , Jiayang Wu , Philip S. Yu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have made significant strides in natural language processing and are increasingly being integrated into recommendation systems. However, their potential in educational recommendation systems has yet to be fully…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-04-14 Boxuan Ma , Md Akib Zabed Khan , Tianyuan Yang , Agoritsa Polyzou , Shin'ichi Konomi

In recent years, Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved significant success in natural language processing (NLP) and various interdisciplinary areas. However, applying LLMs to chemistry is a complex task that requires specialized domain…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-05 Chang Liao , Yemin Yu , Yu Mei , Ying Wei

Advancements in genomic research such as high-throughput sequencing techniques have driven modern genomic studies into "big data" disciplines. This data explosion is constantly challenging conventional methods used in genomics. In parallel…

Genomics · Quantitative Biology 2023-10-06 Tianwei Yue , Yuanxin Wang , Longxiang Zhang , Chunming Gu , Haoru Xue , Wenping Wang , Qi Lyu , Yujie Dun

Multilingual Large Language Models are capable of using powerful Large Language Models to handle and respond to queries in multiple languages, which achieves remarkable success in multilingual natural language processing tasks. Despite…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Libo Qin , Qiguang Chen , Yuhang Zhou , Zhi Chen , Yinghui Li , Lizi Liao , Min Li , Wanxiang Che , Philip S. Yu

We consider the protein sequence engineering problem, which aims to find protein sequences with high fitness levels, starting from a given wild-type sequence. Directed evolution has been a dominating paradigm in this field which has an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-20 Yinkai Wang , Jiaxing He , Yuanqi Du , Xiaohui Chen , Jianan Canal Li , Li-Ping Liu , Xiaolin Xu , Soha Hassoun

Large Language Models (LLMs) have reshaped our world with significant advancements in science, engineering, and society through applications ranging from scientific discoveries and medical diagnostics to Chatbots. Despite their ubiquity and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Kushal Raj Bhandari , Pin-Yu Chen , Jianxi Gao

Large language models (LLMs) have been applied to tasks in healthcare, ranging from medical exam questions to responding to patient questions. With increasing institutional partnerships between companies producing LLMs and healthcare…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-10 Jesutofunmi A. Omiye , Haiwen Gui , Shawheen J. Rezaei , James Zou , Roxana Daneshjou

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs), particularly those built on Transformer architectures, have significantly broadened the scope of natural language processing (NLP) applications, transcending their initial use in chatbot…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Chen Wang , Jin Zhao , Jiaqi Gong

Since the release of ChatGPT and GPT-4, large language models (LLMs) and multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have attracted widespread attention for their exceptional capabilities in understanding, reasoning, and generation,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Hanguang Xiao , Feizhong Zhou , Xingyue Liu , Tianqi Liu , Zhipeng Li , Xin Liu , Xiaoxuan Huang

Natural Language Processing (NLP) helps empower intelligent machines by enhancing a better understanding of the human language for linguistic-based human-computer communication. Recent developments in computational power and the advent of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-03-02 Amirsina Torfi , Rouzbeh A. Shirvani , Yaser Keneshloo , Nader Tavaf , Edward A. Fox