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The design of optimal wave energy parks, namely, arrays of devices known as wave energy converters (WECs) that extract energy from water waves, is an important consideration for the renewable transition. In this paper, the problem of…

Wave energy conversion is emerging as a promising technology for generating energy from renewable sources. Large-scale implementation of this technology requires the installation of parks of devices. We study the problem of optimizing the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-03-22 M. Gambarini , G. Agate , G. Ciaramella , E. Miglio , S. Maran

This work presents a new computational optimization framework for the robust control of parks of Wave Energy Converters (WEC) in irregular waves. The power of WEC parks is maximized with respect to the individual control damping and…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-08-31 Marco Gambarini , Gabriele Ciaramella , Edie Miglio , Tommaso Vanzan

A promising direction towards reducing the levelized cost of energy for wave energy converter (WEC) farms is to improve their performance. WEC design studies generally focus on a single design domain (e.g., geometry, control, or layout) to…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-05-27 Saeed Azad , Suraj Khanal , Daniel R. Herber , Gaofeng Jia

A generic formulation for the optimal control of a single wave-energy converter (WEC) is proposed. The formulation involves hard and soft constraints on the motion of the WEC to promote reduced damage and fatigue to the device during…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-12-16 Mertcan Yetkin , Sudharsan Kalidoss , Frank E. Curtis , Lawrence V. Snyder , Arindam Banerjee

A promising direction towards improving the performance of wave energy converter (WEC) farms is to leverage a system-level integrated approach known as control co-design (CCD). A WEC farm CCD problem may entail decision variables associated…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-07-11 Saeed Azad , Daniel R. Herber , Suraj Khanal , Gaofeng Jia

For gradient flows, the existing structure-preserving schemes are difficult to achieve arbitrary high-order accuracy in time while preserving maximum-principle (MBP) and energy dissipating simultaneously. In this paper, we develop a new…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-11-04 Qing Cheng , Tingfeng Wang , Xiaofei Zhao

This paper presents an auto-optimization control framework for wave energy converters (WECs) to maximize energy generation under unknown and changing ocean conditions. The proposed control framework consists of two levels. The high-level…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-08 Siyang Tang , Wen-Hua Chen , Cunjia Liu

Ocean wave energy is one of the latest renewable energy resources, projected to be commercialized and competitive with other energy technologies in the near future. However, wave energy technologies are not fully developed, so various…

Optimal power flow (OPF) is a key tool for planning and operations in energy grids. The line-flow constraints, generator loading effect, piece-wise cost functions, emission, and voltage quality cost make the optimization model non-convex…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-09-20 Alireza Barzegar , Ali Sadollah , Rong Su

Wave energy converters (WECs) are a promising candidate for meeting the increasing energy demands of today's society. It is known that the sizing and power take-off (PTO) control of WEC devices have a major impact on their performance. In…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-08-15 Saeed Azad , Daniel R. Herber

Wave energy is a broadly accessible renewable energy source, but principally it is not unexploited still and fully developed. Wave energy technologies need more investigations to reach commercial developments. In this paper, an array of…

Applied Physics · Physics 2020-07-29 Erfan Amini , Danial Golbaz , Fereidoun Amini

Ocean wave energy is a source of renewable energy that has gained much attention for its potential to contribute significantly to meeting the global energy demand. In this research, we investigate the problem of maximising the energy…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2019-07-09 Mehdi Neshat , Bradley Alexander , Nataliia Sergiienko , Markus Wagner

This study utilizes multidisciplinary design optimization (MDO) to design an array of heaving wave energy converters (WECs) for grid-scale energy production with decision variables and parameters chosen from the coupled disciplines of…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-16 Kapil Khanal , Nate DeGoede , Olivia Vitale , Maha N. Haji

We present a paradigm for developing arbitrarily high order, linear, unconditionally energy stable numerical algorithms for gradient flow models. We apply the energy quadratization (EQ) technique to reformulate the general gradient flow…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2020-07-15 Yuezheng Gong , Jia Zhao , Qi Wang

Wave energy is a fast-developing and promising renewable energy resource. The primary goal of this research is to maximise the total harnessed power of a large wave farm consisting of fully-submerged three-tether wave energy converters…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2020-07-07 Mehdi Neshat , Bradley Alexander , Nataliia Y. Sergiienko , Markus Wagner

This paper introduces a novel paradigm for constructing linearly implicit and high-order unconditionally energy-stable schemes for general gradient flows, utilizing the scalar auxiliary variable (SAV) approach and the additive Runge-Kutta…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2023-07-11 Xuelong Gu , Wenjun Cai , Yushun Wang

This paper proposes a novel real-time algorithm for controlling wave energy converters (WECs). We begin with the economic model predictive control (MPC) problem formulation and apply a novel, first-order optimization algorithm inspired by…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-09 Simone Pirrera , Nicolas Faedo , Sophie M. Fosson , Diego Regruto

We consider a general optimal control problem in the setting of gradient flows. Two approximations of the problem are presented, both relying on the variational reformulation of gradient-flow dynamics via the Weighted-Energy-Dissipation…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-03-25 Takeshi Fukao , Ulisse Stefanelli , Riccardo Voso

This paper focuses on an AC optimal power flow (OPF) problem for distribution feeders equipped with controllable distributed energy resources (DERs). We consider a solution method that is based on a continuous approximation of the projected…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-02-26 Damola Ajeyemi , Yiting Chen , Antonin Colot , Jorge Cortes , Emiliano Dall'Anese
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