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Large Language Models (LLMs) have become a cornerstone in Natural Language Processing (NLP), achieving impressive performance in text generation. Their token-level representations capture rich, human-aligned semantics. However, pooling…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Benedikt Roth , Stephan Rappensperger , Tianming Qiu , Hamza Imamović , Julian Wörmann , Hao Shen

Parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) has been widely employed for domain adaptation, with LoRA being one of the most prominent methods due to its simplicity and effectiveness. However, in multi-task learning (MTL) scenarios, LoRA tends to…

Low Rank Adaptation (LoRA) has emerged as one of the most widely adopted methods for Parameter Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) of Large Language Models (LLMs). LoRA reduces the number of trainable parameters and memory usage while achieving…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-03 Justin Zhao , Timothy Wang , Wael Abid , Geoffrey Angus , Arnav Garg , Jeffery Kinnison , Alex Sherstinsky , Piero Molino , Travis Addair , Devvret Rishi

We introduce Gemma 3, a multimodal addition to the Gemma family of lightweight open models, ranging in scale from 1 to 27 billion parameters. This version introduces vision understanding abilities, a wider coverage of languages and longer…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Gemma Team , Aishwarya Kamath , Johan Ferret , Shreya Pathak , Nino Vieillard , Ramona Merhej , Sarah Perrin , Tatiana Matejovicova , Alexandre Ramé , Morgane Rivière , Louis Rouillard , Thomas Mesnard , Geoffrey Cideron , Jean-bastien Grill , Sabela Ramos , Edouard Yvinec , Michelle Casbon , Etienne Pot , Ivo Penchev , Gaël Liu , Francesco Visin , Kathleen Kenealy , Lucas Beyer , Xiaohai Zhai , Anton Tsitsulin , Robert Busa-Fekete , Alex Feng , Noveen Sachdeva , Benjamin Coleman , Yi Gao , Basil Mustafa , Iain Barr , Emilio Parisotto , David Tian , Matan Eyal , Colin Cherry , Jan-Thorsten Peter , Danila Sinopalnikov , Surya Bhupatiraju , Rishabh Agarwal , Mehran Kazemi , Dan Malkin , Ravin Kumar , David Vilar , Idan Brusilovsky , Jiaming Luo , Andreas Steiner , Abe Friesen , Abhanshu Sharma , Abheesht Sharma , Adi Mayrav Gilady , Adrian Goedeckemeyer , Alaa Saade , Alex Feng , Alexander Kolesnikov , Alexei Bendebury , Alvin Abdagic , Amit Vadi , András György , André Susano Pinto , Anil Das , Ankur Bapna , Antoine Miech , Antoine Yang , Antonia Paterson , Ashish Shenoy , Ayan Chakrabarti , Bilal Piot , Bo Wu , Bobak Shahriari , Bryce Petrini , Charlie Chen , Charline Le Lan , Christopher A. Choquette-Choo , CJ Carey , Cormac Brick , Daniel Deutsch , Danielle Eisenbud , Dee Cattle , Derek Cheng , Dimitris Paparas , Divyashree Shivakumar Sreepathihalli , Doug Reid , Dustin Tran , Dustin Zelle , Eric Noland , Erwin Huizenga , Eugene Kharitonov , Frederick Liu , Gagik Amirkhanyan , Glenn Cameron , Hadi Hashemi , Hanna Klimczak-Plucińska , Harman Singh , Harsh Mehta , Harshal Tushar Lehri , Hussein Hazimeh , Ian Ballantyne , Idan Szpektor , Ivan Nardini , Jean Pouget-Abadie , Jetha Chan , Joe Stanton , John Wieting , Jonathan Lai , Jordi Orbay , Joseph Fernandez , Josh Newlan , Ju-yeong Ji , Jyotinder Singh , Kat Black , Kathy Yu , Kevin Hui , Kiran Vodrahalli , Klaus Greff , Linhai Qiu , Marcella Valentine , Marina Coelho , Marvin Ritter , Matt Hoffman , Matthew Watson , Mayank Chaturvedi , Michael Moynihan , Min Ma , Nabila Babar , Natasha Noy , Nathan Byrd , Nick Roy , Nikola Momchev , Nilay Chauhan , Noveen Sachdeva , Oskar Bunyan , Pankil Botarda , Paul Caron , Paul Kishan Rubenstein , Phil Culliton , Philipp Schmid , Pier Giuseppe Sessa , Pingmei Xu , Piotr Stanczyk , Pouya Tafti , Rakesh Shivanna , Renjie Wu , Renke Pan , Reza Rokni , Rob Willoughby , Rohith Vallu , Ryan Mullins , Sammy Jerome , Sara Smoot , Sertan Girgin , Shariq Iqbal , Shashir Reddy , Shruti Sheth , Siim Põder , Sijal Bhatnagar , Sindhu Raghuram Panyam , Sivan Eiger , Susan Zhang , Tianqi Liu , Trevor Yacovone , Tyler Liechty , Uday Kalra , Utku Evci , Vedant Misra , Vincent Roseberry , Vlad Feinberg , Vlad Kolesnikov , Woohyun Han , Woosuk Kwon , Xi Chen , Yinlam Chow , Yuvein Zhu , Zichuan Wei , Zoltan Egyed , Victor Cotruta , Minh Giang , Phoebe Kirk , Anand Rao , Kat Black , Nabila Babar , Jessica Lo , Erica Moreira , Luiz Gustavo Martins , Omar Sanseviero , Lucas Gonzalez , Zach Gleicher , Tris Warkentin , Vahab Mirrokni , Evan Senter , Eli Collins , Joelle Barral , Zoubin Ghahramani , Raia Hadsell , Yossi Matias , D. Sculley , Slav Petrov , Noah Fiedel , Noam Shazeer , Oriol Vinyals , Jeff Dean , Demis Hassabis , Koray Kavukcuoglu , Clement Farabet , Elena Buchatskaya , Jean-Baptiste Alayrac , Rohan Anil , Dmitry , Lepikhin , Sebastian Borgeaud , Olivier Bachem , Armand Joulin , Alek Andreev , Cassidy Hardin , Robert Dadashi , Léonard Hussenot

We introduce phi-3-mini, a 3.8 billion parameter language model trained on 3.3 trillion tokens, whose overall performance, as measured by both academic benchmarks and internal testing, rivals that of models such as Mixtral 8x7B and GPT-3.5…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Marah Abdin , Jyoti Aneja , Hany Awadalla , Ahmed Awadallah , Ammar Ahmad Awan , Nguyen Bach , Amit Bahree , Arash Bakhtiari , Jianmin Bao , Harkirat Behl , Alon Benhaim , Misha Bilenko , Johan Bjorck , Sébastien Bubeck , Martin Cai , Qin Cai , Vishrav Chaudhary , Dong Chen , Dongdong Chen , Weizhu Chen , Yen-Chun Chen , Yi-Ling Chen , Hao Cheng , Parul Chopra , Xiyang Dai , Matthew Dixon , Ronen Eldan , Victor Fragoso , Jianfeng Gao , Mei Gao , Min Gao , Amit Garg , Allie Del Giorno , Abhishek Goswami , Suriya Gunasekar , Emman Haider , Junheng Hao , Russell J. Hewett , Wenxiang Hu , Jamie Huynh , Dan Iter , Sam Ade Jacobs , Mojan Javaheripi , Xin Jin , Nikos Karampatziakis , Piero Kauffmann , Mahoud Khademi , Dongwoo Kim , Young Jin Kim , Lev Kurilenko , James R. Lee , Yin Tat Lee , Yuanzhi Li , Yunsheng Li , Chen Liang , Lars Liden , Xihui Lin , Zeqi Lin , Ce Liu , Liyuan Liu , Mengchen Liu , Weishung Liu , Xiaodong Liu , Chong Luo , Piyush Madan , Ali Mahmoudzadeh , David Majercak , Matt Mazzola , Caio César Teodoro Mendes , Arindam Mitra , Hardik Modi , Anh Nguyen , Brandon Norick , Barun Patra , Daniel Perez-Becker , Thomas Portet , Reid Pryzant , Heyang Qin , Marko Radmilac , Liliang Ren , Gustavo de Rosa , Corby Rosset , Sambudha Roy , Olatunji Ruwase , Olli Saarikivi , Amin Saied , Adil Salim , Michael Santacroce , Shital Shah , Ning Shang , Hiteshi Sharma , Yelong Shen , Swadheen Shukla , Xia Song , Masahiro Tanaka , Andrea Tupini , Praneetha Vaddamanu , Chunyu Wang , Guanhua Wang , Lijuan Wang , Shuohang Wang , Xin Wang , Yu Wang , Rachel Ward , Wen Wen , Philipp Witte , Haiping Wu , Xiaoxia Wu , Michael Wyatt , Bin Xiao , Can Xu , Jiahang Xu , Weijian Xu , Jilong Xue , Sonali Yadav , Fan Yang , Jianwei Yang , Yifan Yang , Ziyi Yang , Donghan Yu , Lu Yuan , Chenruidong Zhang , Cyril Zhang , Jianwen Zhang , Li Lyna Zhang , Yi Zhang , Yue Zhang , Yunan Zhang , Xiren Zhou

In text processing, deep neural networks mostly use word embeddings as an input. Embeddings have to ensure that relations between words are reflected through distances in a high-dimensional numeric space. To compare the quality of different…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-06-01 Matej Ulčar , Kristiina Vaik , Jessica Lindström , Milda Dailidėnaitė , Marko Robnik-Šikonja

Recent studies have adapted generative Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) into embedding extractors for vision tasks, typically through fine-tuning to produce universal representations. However, their performance on video remains…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Issar Tzachor , Dvir Samuel , Rami Ben-Ari

Invariance-based and generative methods have shown a conspicuous performance for 3D self-supervised representation learning (SSRL). However, the former relies on hand-crafted data augmentations that introduce bias not universally applicable…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-25 Naiwen Hu , Haozhe Cheng , Yifan Xie , Shiqi Li , Jihua Zhu

Time series modeling holds significant importance in many real-world applications and has been extensively studied. While pre-trained foundation models have made impressive strides in the fields of natural language processing (NLP) and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-20 Juyuan Zhang , Wei Zhu , Jiechao Gao

Instruction tuning has shown great promise in improving the performance of large language models. However, research on multilingual instruction tuning has been limited due to the scarcity of high-quality instruction-response datasets across…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-11 Haonan Li , Fajri Koto , Minghao Wu , Alham Fikri Aji , Timothy Baldwin

Effectively adapting powerful pretrained foundation models to diverse tasks remains a key challenge in AI deployment. Current approaches primarily follow two paradigms:discrete optimization of text prompts through prompt engineering, or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Xiaoming Hou , Jiquan Zhang , Zibin Lin , DaCheng Tao , Shengli Zhang

Embedding words in a vector space has gained a lot of attention in recent years. While state-of-the-art methods provide efficient computation of word similarities via a low-dimensional matrix embedding, their motivation is often left…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-09-29 Shihao Ji , Hyokun Yun , Pinar Yanardag , Shin Matsushima , S. V. N. Vishwanathan

Large language models (LLMs) are widely used but expensive to run, especially as inference workloads grow. To lower costs, maximizing the request batch size by managing GPU memory efficiently is crucial. While PagedAttention has recently…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Chen Zhang , Kuntai Du , Shu Liu , Woosuk Kwon , Xiangxi Mo , Yufeng Wang , Xiaoxuan Liu , Kaichao You , Zhuohan Li , Mingsheng Long , Jidong Zhai , Joseph Gonzalez , Ion Stoica

Traditional text embedding benchmarks primarily evaluate embedding models' capabilities to capture semantic similarity. However, more advanced NLP tasks require a deeper understanding of text, such as safety and factuality. These tasks…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Simeng Han , Frank Palma Gomez , Tu Vu , Zefei Li , Daniel Cer , Hansi Zeng , Chris Tar , Arman Cohan , Gustavo Hernandez Abrego

This technical report presents the training methodology and evaluation results of the open-source dewey_en_beta embedding model. The increasing demand for retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems and the expanding context window…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-03-27 Dun Zhang , Panxiang Zou , Yudong Zhou

Large language models (LLMs) excel at capturing semantic nuances and therefore show impressive relevance ranking performance in modern recommendation and search systems. However, they suffer from high computational overhead under industrial…

Wikipedia is an online encyclopedia available in 285 languages. It composes an extremely relevant Knowledge Base (KB), which could be leveraged by automatic systems for several purposes. However, the structure and organisation of such…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-13 Ruben Cardoso , Afonso Mendes , Andre Lamurias

In this work, we introduce EMMA-500, a large-scale multilingual language model continue-trained on texts across 546 languages designed for enhanced multilingual performance, focusing on improving language coverage for low-resource…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-05 Shaoxiong Ji , Zihao Li , Jaakko Paavola , Peiqin Lin , Pinzhen Chen , Dayyán O'Brien , Hengyu Luo , Hinrich Schütze , Jörg Tiedemann , Barry Haddow

Large Language Models (LLMs) ) have demonstrated promise in boosting productivity across AI-powered tools, yet existing benchmarks like Massive Multitask Language Understanding (MMLU) inadequately assess enterprise-specific task…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-26 Liya Wang , David Yi , Damien Jose , John Passarelli , James Gao , Jordan Leventis , Kang Li