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Large Language Models (LLMs) suffer from hallucinations and outdated knowledge due to their reliance on static training data. Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) mitigates these issues by integrating external dynamic information for…

While hallucinations of large language models could been alleviated through retrieval-augmented generation and citation generation, how the model utilizes internal knowledge is still opaque, and the trustworthiness of its generated answers…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Jiajun Shen , Tong Zhou , Yubo Chen , Delai Qiu , Shengping Liu , Kang Liu , Jun Zhao

Recently, Large Language Models (LLMs) have been increasingly used to support various decision-making tasks, assisting humans in making informed decisions. However, when LLMs confidently provide incorrect information, it can lead humans to…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Chaeyun Jang , Deukhwan Cho , Seanie Lee , Hyungi Lee , Juho Lee

The rapid increase in the number of parameters in large language models (LLMs) has significantly increased the cost involved in fine-tuning and retraining LLMs, a necessity for keeping models up to date and improving accuracy.…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Michael Shen , Muhammad Umar , Kiwan Maeng , G. Edward Suh , Udit Gupta

Given the growing trend of many organizations integrating Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) into their operations, we assess RAG on domain-specific data and test state-of-the-art models across various optimization techniques. We…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-11-14 Anum Afzal , Juraj Vladika , Gentrit Fazlija , Andrei Staradubets , Florian Matthes

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) improves the accuracy and relevance of large language model outputs by incorporating knowledge retrieval. However, implementing RAG in enterprises poses challenges around data security, accuracy,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-06-10 Tilmann Bruckhaus

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) significantly enhances Large Language Models (LLMs) by providing access to external knowledge. However, current research primarily focuses on retrieval quality, often overlooking the critical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Zhengyi Zhao , Shubo Zhang , Zezhong Wang , Yuxi Zhang , Huimin Wang , Yutian Zhao , Yefeng Zheng , Binyang Li , Kam-Fai Wong , Xian Wu

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems implicitly assume mutual consistency among retrieved documents -- an assumption that frequently fails in practice. We present ConflictRAG, a conflict-aware RAG framework that detects, classifies,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Chenyu Wang , Yingmin Liu , Yang Shu

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has become a dominant paradigm for grounding large language models (LLMs) with external evidence in knowledge-intensive question answering. A core design choice is how to fuse retrieved samples into the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Yixin Chen , Ying Xiong , Shangyu Wu , Xiangrui Ke , Nan Guan , Chun Jason Xue

The rise of generative AI, has driven significant advancements in high-risk sectors like healthcare and finance. The Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) architecture, combining language models (LLMs) with search engines, is particularly…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Grégoire Martinon , Alexandra Lorenzo de Brionne , Jérôme Bohard , Antoine Lojou , Damien Hervault , Nicolas J-B. Brunel

Despite the impressive advancements of Large Language Models (LLMs) in generating text, they are often limited by the knowledge contained in the input and prone to producing inaccurate or hallucinated content. To tackle these issues,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Yu Wang , Nedim Lipka , Ruiyi Zhang , Alexa Siu , Yuying Zhao , Bo Ni , Xin Wang , Ryan Rossi , Tyler Derr

The transparency principle of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) requires data processing information to be clear, precise, and accessible. While language models show promise in this context, their probabilistic nature…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Anna Leschanowsky , Zahra Kolagar , Erion Çano , Ivan Habernal , Dara Hallinan , Emanuël A. P. Habets , Birgit Popp

This study develops a question-answering system based on Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) using Chinese Wikipedia and Lawbank as retrieval sources. Using TTQA and TMMLU+ as evaluation datasets, the system employs BGE-M3 for dense vector…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-01-17 Te-Lun Yang , Jyi-Shane Liu , Yuen-Hsien Tseng , Jyh-Shing Roger Jang

The Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) framework utilizes a combination of parametric knowledge and external knowledge to demonstrate state-of-the-art performance on open-domain question answering tasks. However, the RAG framework suffers…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-25 Kiseung Kim , Jay-Yoon Lee

Large Language Models (LLMs) showcase remarkable abilities, yet they struggle with limitations such as hallucinations, outdated knowledge, opacity, and inexplicable reasoning. To address these challenges, Retrieval-Augmented Generation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-03 Sourav Verma

Large language models (LLMs) frequently hallucinate, limiting their reliability in knowledge-intensive applications. Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) and conformal factuality have emerged as potential ways to address this limitation.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Yi Chen , Daiwei Chen , Sukrut Madhav Chikodikar , Caitlyn Heqi Yin , Ramya Korlakai Vinayak

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) appears as a promising method to alleviate the "hallucination" problem in large language models (LLMs), since it can incorporate external traceable resources for response generation. The essence of RAG…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-16 Haosheng Qian , Yixing Fan , Ruqing Zhang , Jiafeng Guo

The Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) system based on Large language model (LLM) has made significant progress. It can effectively reduce factuality hallucinations, but faithfulness hallucinations still exist. Previous methods for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Jianpeng Hu , Yanzeng Li , Jialun Zhong , Wenfa Qi , Lei Zou

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has recently gained traction in natural language processing. Numerous studies and real-world applications are leveraging its ability to enhance generative models through external information retrieval.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-17 Hao Yu , Aoran Gan , Kai Zhang , Shiwei Tong , Qi Liu , Zhaofeng Liu

Retrieval-Augmented Language Models (RALMs) face significant challenges in reducing factual errors, particularly in document relevance evaluation and knowledge integration. We introduce a framework for structured relevance assessment that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Aryan Raj , Astitva Veer Garg , Anitha D