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Natural Language Interfaces for Databases empower non-technical users to interact with data using natural language (NL). Advanced approaches, utilizing either neural sequence-to-sequence or more recent sophisticated large-scale language…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Yuankai Fan , Tonghui Ren , Can Huang , Zhenying He , X. Sean Wang

With the future striving toward data-centric decision-making, seamless access to databases is of utmost importance. There is extensive research on creating an efficient text-to-sql (TEXT2SQL) model to access data from the database. Using a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-08-10 Ayush Kumar , Parth Nagarkar , Prabhav Nalhe , Sanjeev Vijayakumar

Recent text-to-SQL models have achieved strong performance, but their effectiveness remains largely confined to SQLite due to dataset limitations. However, real-world applications require SQL generation across multiple dialects with varying…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Jipeng Zhang , Haolin Yang , Kehao Miao , Ruiyuan Zhang , Renjie Pi , Jiahui Gao , Xiaofang Zhou

The conversion of natural language into SQL language for querying databases (Text-to-SQL) has broad application prospects and has attracted widespread attention. At present, the mainstream Text-to-SQL methods are mainly divided into…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Lei Sheng , Shuai-Shuai Xu , Wei Xie

The data-centric paradigm has emerged as a pivotal direction in artificial intelligence (AI), emphasizing the role of high-quality training data. This shift is especially critical in the Text-to-SQL task, where the scarcity, limited…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Qifeng Cai , Hao Liang , Chang Xu , Tao Xie , Wentao Zhang , Bin Cui

Text-to-SQL ensembles improve over single-candidate generation by drawing multiple SQL candidates and selecting one, but their effectiveness is bounded by Pass@K, the probability that at least one of K candidates is correct. Existing…

We present ReFoRCE, a Text-to-SQL agent that tops the Spider 2.0 leaderboard--a challenging benchmark reflecting complex, real-world Text-to-SQL scenarios. While Text-to-SQL systems enable natural language queries over structured databases,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Minghang Deng , Ashwin Ramachandran , Canwen Xu , Lanxiang Hu , Zhewei Yao , Anupam Datta , Hao Zhang

Text-to-SQL converts natural language questions into executable SQL queries, enabling non-technical users to access relational databases for analytics and intelligent data services. In real-world scenarios, performance is often constrained…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Tianhao Qiu , Xiaojun Chen

We propose STRuCT-LLM, a unified framework for training large language models (LLMs) to perform structured reasoning over both relational and graph-structured data. Our approach jointly optimizes Text-to-SQL and Text-to-Cypher tasks using…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-30 Josefa Lia Stoisser , Marc Boubnovski Martell , Lawrence Phillips , Casper Hansen , Julien Fauqueur

Natural Language to SQL systems (NL-to-SQL) have recently shown a significant increase in accuracy for natural language to SQL query translation. This improvement is due to the emergence of transformer-based language models, and the…

Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT) is an effective method for adapting Large Language Models (LLMs) on downstream tasks. However, variability in training data can hinder a model's ability to generalize across domains. This paper studies the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Davood Rafiei , Morgan Lindsay Heisler , Weiwei Zhang , Mohammadreza Pourreza , Yong Zhang

Text-to-SQL aims to translate natural language queries into SQL statements. Existing methods typically follow a pipeline of pre-processing, schema linking, candidate SQL generation, SQL alignment, and target SQL selection. However, these…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Qin Wang , Youhuan Li , Suixi Lin , Zhuo Tang , Kenli Li , Peng Peng , Quanqing Xu , Chuanhui Yang

Long sequences of text are challenging in the context of transformers, due to quadratic memory increase in the self-attention mechanism. As this issue directly affects the translation from natural language to SQL queries (as techniques…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-06-27 Marcelo Archanjo Jose , Fabio Gagliardi Cozman

Text-to-SQL parsing involves the translation of natural language queries (NLQs) into their corresponding SQL commands. A principal challenge within this domain is the formulation of SQL queries that are not only syntactically correct but…

Databases · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Xiping Liu , Zhao Tan

Natural language to SQL translation (Text-to-SQL) is one of the long-standing problems that has recently benefited from advances in Large Language Models (LLMs). While most academic Text-to-SQL benchmarks request schema description as a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Rajpreet Singh , Novak Boškov , Lawrence Drabeck , Aditya Gudal , Manzoor A. Khan

Large Language Models (LLMs) have spurred progress in text-to-SQL, the task of generating SQL queries from natural language questions based on a given database schema. Despite the declarative nature of SQL, it continues to be a complex…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-25 Ben Eyal , Amir Bachar , Ophir Haroche , Michael Elhadad

Conversational, multi-turn, text-to-SQL (CoSQL) tasks map natural language utterances in a dialogue to SQL queries. State-of-the-art (SOTA) systems use large, pre-trained and finetuned language models, such as the T5-family, in conjunction…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-23 Sree Hari Krishnan Parthasarathi , Lu Zeng , Dilek Hakkani-Tur

In addressing the task of converting natural language to SQL queries, there are several semantic and syntactic challenges. It becomes increasingly important to understand and remedy the points of failure as the performance of semantic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-01 Parker Glenn , Parag Pravin Dakle , Preethi Raghavan

Large language models (LLMs) becomes the dominant paradigm for the challenging task of text-to-SQL. LLM-empowered text-to-SQL methods are typically categorized into prompting-based and tuning approaches. Compared to prompting-based methods,…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance in various NLP tasks, including semantic parsing, which translates natural language into formal code representations. However, the reverse process, translating code into…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Ali Al-Lawati , Jason Lucas , Prasenjit Mitra