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Punishment and partner switching are two well-studied mechanisms that support the evolution of cooperation. Observation of human behaviour suggests that the extent to which punishment is adopted depends on the usage of alternative…

Physics and Society · Physics 2018-04-26 Hirofumi Takesue

Reputation plays a major role in human societies, and it has been proposed as an explanation for the evolution of cooperation. While the majority of previous studies equates reputation with a transparent and complete history of players'…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-08-20 Valerio Capraro , Francesca Giardini , Daniele Vilone , Mario Paolucci

An open problem in evolutionary game dynamics is to understand the effect of peer pressure on cooperation in a quantitative manner. Peer pressure can be modeled by punishment, which has been proved to be an effective mechanism to sustain…

Physics and Society · Physics 2015-09-23 Han-Xin Yang , Zhi-Xi Wu , Zhihai Rong , Ying-Cheng Lai

Utilizing common resources is always a dilemma for community members. While cooperator players restrain themselves and consider the proper state of resources, defectors demand more than their supposed share for a higher payoff. To avoid the…

Physics and Society · Physics 2018-09-05 Xiaojie Chen , Attila Szolnoki

Both conventional wisdom and empirical evidence suggests that arranging a prior commitment or agreement before an interaction enhances the chance of reaching mutual cooperation. Yet it is not clear what mechanisms can promote the…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2022-02-28 The Anh Han

This paper examines experimentally how reputational uncertainty and the rate of change of the social environment determine cooperation. Reputational uncertainty significantly decreases cooperation, while a fast-changing social environment…

General Economics · Economics 2022-03-09 Edoardo Gallo , Yohanes E. Riyanto , Nilanjan Roy , Tat-How Teh

"Personal responsibility", one of the basic principles of modern law, requires one to be responsible for what he did. However, personal responsibility is far from the only norm ruling human interactions, especially in social and economic…

Physics and Society · Physics 2021-09-15 Guocheng Wang , Qi Su , Long Wang

Indirect reciprocity is a key explanation for the exceptional magnitude of cooperation among humans. This literature suggests that a large proportion of human cooperation is driven by social norms and individuals' incentives to maintain a…

Physics and Society · Physics 2024-11-25 Yohsuke Murase , Christian Hilbe

Many biological and social systems show significant levels of collective action. Several cooperation mechanisms have been proposed, yet they have been mostly studied independently. Among these, direct reciprocity supports cooperation on the…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2021-04-15 Luis A. Martinez-Vaquero , Francisco C. Santos , Vito Trianni

Direct reciprocity is a powerful mechanism for evolution of cooperation based on repeated interactions between the same individuals. But high levels of cooperation evolve only if the benefit-to-cost ratio exceeds a certain threshold that…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2023-05-31 Josef Tkadlec , Christian Hilbe , Martin A. Nowak

Social dilemmas, where mutual cooperation can lead to high payoffs but participants face incentives to cheat, are ubiquitous in multi-agent interaction. We wish to construct agents that cooperate with pure cooperators, avoid exploitation by…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-05-27 Alexander Peysakhovich , Adam Lerer

In this paper, we study the problem of cost optimisation of individual-based institutional incentives (reward, punishment, and hybrid) for guaranteeing a certain minimal level of cooperative behaviour in a well-mixed, finite population. In…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2024-07-30 M. H. Duong , C. M. Durbac , T. A. Han

One of the most direct human mechanisms of promoting cooperation is rewarding it. We study the effect of sharing a reward among cooperators in the most stringent form of social dilemma, namely the Prisoner's Dilemma. Specifically, for a…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2012-02-02 J. A. Cuesta , R. Jimenez , H. Lugo , A. Sanchez

Previous studies suggest that punishment is a useful way to promote cooperation in the well-mixed public goods game, whereas it still lacks specific evidence that punishment maintains cooperation in spatial prisoner's dilemma game as well.…

Physics and Society · Physics 2011-03-08 Qing Jin , Zhen Wang , Zhen Wang , Yi-Ling Wang

Collective actions, from city marathons to labor strikes, are often mass-driven and subject to the snowball effect. Motivated by this, we study evolutionary advantages of conditional punishment in the spatial public goods game. Unlike…

Physics and Society · Physics 2013-03-19 Attila Szolnoki , Matjaz Perc

Our wellbeing depends as much on our personal success, as it does on the success of our society. The realization of this fact makes cooperation a very much needed trait. Experiments have shown that rewards can elevate our readiness to…

Physics and Society · Physics 2012-09-12 Attila Szolnoki , Matjaz Perc

Indirect reciprocity is a mechanism that explains large-scale cooperation in human societies. In indirect reciprocity, an individual chooses whether or not to cooperate with another based on reputation information, and others evaluate the…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2023-10-20 Yuma Fujimoto , Hisashi Ohtsuki

Theoretical models suggest that social networks influence the evolution of cooperation, but to date there have been few experimental studies. Observational data suggest that a wide variety of behaviors may spread in human social networks,…

Physics and Society · Physics 2011-07-26 James H. Fowler , Nicholas A. Christakis

This work uses Game Theory to study the effectiveness of punishments as an incentive for rational nodes to follow an epidemic dissemination protocol. The dissemination process is modeled as an infinite repetition of a stage game. At the end…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2013-09-02 Xavier Vilaça , Luís Rodrigues

Cooperation underlies many natural and artificial systems. While voluntary participation can sustain cooperation without informational assumptions, real interactions are rarely anonymous, leaving the joint effects of participation and…

Physics and Society · Physics 2026-01-27 Chen Shen , Zhao Song , Xinyu Wang , Lei Shi , Matjaž Perc , Zhen Wang , Jun Tanimoto