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Embeddings play an important role in end-to-end solutions for multi-modal language processing problems. Although there has been some effort to understand the properties of single-modality embedding spaces, particularly that of text, their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-01-20 Muhammad Huzaifah , Ivan Kukanov

Direct acoustics-to-word (A2W) systems for end-to-end automatic speech recognition are simpler to train, and more efficient to decode with, than sub-word systems. However, A2W systems can have difficulties at training time when data is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-04-01 Shane Settle , Kartik Audhkhasi , Karen Livescu , Michael Picheny

Models based on large-pretrained language models, such as S(entence)BERT, provide effective and efficient sentence embeddings that show high correlation to human similarity ratings, but lack interpretability. On the other hand, graph…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Juri Opitz , Anette Frank

Audiovisual emotion recognition (AVER) aims to infer human emotions from nonverbal visual-audio (VA) cues, offering modality-complementary and language-agnostic advantages. However, AVER remains challenging due to the inherent ambiguity of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Hao Cheng , Zhiwei Zhao , Yichao He , Zhenzhen Hu , Jia Li , Meng Wang , Richang Hong

Developing a good speaker embedding has received tremendous interest in the speech community, with representations such as i-vector and d-vector demonstrating remarkable performance across various tasks. Despite their widespread adoption, a…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-23 Shuai Wang , Yanmin Qian , Kai Yu

We propose EmoDistill, a novel speech emotion recognition (SER) framework that leverages cross-modal knowledge distillation during training to learn strong linguistic and prosodic representations of emotion from speech. During inference,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-18 Debaditya Shome , Ali Etemad

Speech Emotion Recognition (SER) focuses on identifying emotional states from spoken language. The 2024 IEEE SLT-GenSEC Challenge on Post Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) Emotion Recognition tasks participants to explore the capabilities…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-11 Enshi Zhang , Christian Poellabauer

Text embeddings have become central to computational social science and psychology, enabling scalable measurement of meaning and mixed-method inference. Yet most representation learning is optimized and evaluated for prediction and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Hubert Plisiecki

Spectral Embedding (SE) has often been used to map data points from non-linear manifolds to linear subspaces for the purpose of classification and clustering. Despite significant advantages, the subspace structure of data in the original…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-16 Hira Yaseen , Arif Mahmood

Unsupervised methods, such as wav2vec2 and HuBERT, have achieved state-of-the-art performance in audio tasks, leading to a shift away from research on interpretable features. However, the lack of interpretability in these methods limits…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-07 Yacouba Kaloga , Ina Kodrasi

Embodied conversational agents benefit from being able to accompany their speech with gestures. Although many data-driven approaches to gesture generation have been proposed in recent years, it is still unclear whether such systems can…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-01-17 Taras Kucherenko , Rajmund Nagy , Michael Neff , Hedvig Kjellström , Gustav Eje Henter

In the era of advanced artificial intelligence and human-computer interaction, identifying emotions in spoken language is paramount. This research explores the integration of deep learning techniques in speech emotion recognition, offering…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-10-20 Hanan Hamza , Fiza Gafoor , Fathima Sithara , Gayathri Anil , V. S. Anoop

One of the desired key properties of deep learning models is the ability to generalise to unseen samples. When provided with new samples that are (perceptually) similar to one or more training samples, deep learning models are expected to…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Katharina Hoedt , Arthur Flexer , Gerhard Widmer

Sequence classification is the supervised learning task of building models that predict class labels of unseen sequences of symbols. Although accuracy is paramount, in certain scenarios interpretability is a must. Unfortunately, such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-26 Severin Gsponer , Luca Costabello , Chan Le Van , Sumit Pai , Christophe Gueret , Georgiana Ifrim , Freddy Lecue

Methods for learning word sense embeddings represent a single word with multiple sense-specific vectors. These methods should not only produce interpretable sense embeddings, but should also learn how to select which sense to use in a given…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-12-17 Fenfei Guo , Mohit Iyyer , Jordan Boyd-Graber

We address the problem of acoustic source separation in a deep learning framework we call "deep clustering." Rather than directly estimating signals or masking functions, we train a deep network to produce spectrogram embeddings that are…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2015-08-19 John R. Hershey , Zhuo Chen , Jonathan Le Roux , Shinji Watanabe

Advancements in audio neural networks have established state-of-the-art results on downstream audio tasks. However, the black-box structure of these models makes it difficult to interpret the information encoded in their internal audio…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Alice Zhang , Edison Thomaz , Lie Lu

Interpretability is essential for user trust in real-world anomaly detection applications. However, deep learning models, despite their strong performance, often lack transparency. In this work, we study the interpretability of…

To be able to interact better with humans, it is crucial for machines to understand sound - a primary modality of human perception. Previous works have used sound to learn embeddings for improved generic textual similarity assessment. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-08-30 Ashwin K Vijayakumar , Ramakrishna Vedantam , Devi Parikh

Speech emotion recognition (SER) has made significant strides with the advent of powerful self-supervised learning (SSL) models. However, the generalization of these models to diverse languages and emotional expressions remains a challenge.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-16 Mohamed Osman , Daniel Z. Kaplan , Tamer Nadeem