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The advent of large language models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT, PaLM, and GPT-4 has catalyzed remarkable advances in natural language processing, demonstrating human-like language fluency and reasoning capacities. This position paper introduces…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-07 Zhixuan Chu , Yan Wang , Feng Zhu , Lu Yu , Longfei Li , Jinjie Gu

Patch backporting, the process of migrating mainline security patches to older branches, is an essential task in maintaining popular open-source projects (e.g., Linux kernel). However, manual backporting can be labor-intensive, while…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Zhaoyang Li , Zheng Yu , Jingyi Song , Meng Xu , Yuxuan Luo , Dongliang Mu

The rapid adoption of Large Language Model (LLM) agents and multi-agent systems enables remarkable capabilities in natural language processing and generation. However, these systems introduce security vulnerabilities that extend beyond…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Matteo Lupinacci , Francesco Aurelio Pironti , Francesco Blefari , Francesco Romeo , Luigi Arena , Angelo Furfaro

Typosquatting is a long-standing cyber threat that exploits human error in typing URLs to deceive users, distribute malware, and conduct phishing attacks. With the proliferation of domain names and new Top-Level Domains (TLDs),…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-31 Jackson Welch

Large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized artificial intelligence by enabling complex reasoning capabilities. While recent advancements in reinforcement learning (RL) have primarily focused on domain-specific reasoning tasks (e.g.,…

The latest advancements in AI and deep learning have led to a breakthrough in large language model (LLM)-based agents such as GPT-4. However, many commercial conversational agent development tools are pipeline-based and have limitations in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-08 Mina Foosherian , Hendrik Purwins , Purna Rathnayake , Touhidul Alam , Rui Teimao , Klaus-Dieter Thoben

Large Language Models (LLMs) have transformed human-machine interaction since ChatGPT's 2022 debut, with Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) emerging as a key framework that enhances LLM outputs by integrating external knowledge. However,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Alberto Castagnaro , Umberto Salviati , Mauro Conti , Luca Pajola , Simeone Pizzi

Automated unit test generation using large language models (LLMs) holds great promise but often struggles with generating tests that are both correct and maintainable in real-world projects. This paper presents KTester, a novel framework…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Anji Li , Mingwei Liu , Zhenxi Chen , Zheng Pei , Zike Li , Dekun Dai , Yanlin Wang , Zibin Zheng

Threat modeling is a crucial component of cybersecurity, particularly for industries such as banking, where the security of financial data is paramount. Traditional threat modeling approaches require expert intervention and manual effort,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-15 Tingmin Wu , Shuiqiao Yang , Shigang Liu , David Nguyen , Seung Jang , Alsharif Abuadbba

Large Language Models (LLMs) like ChatGPT, Copilot, Gemini, and DeepSeek are transforming software engineering by automating key tasks, including code generation, testing, and debugging. As these models become integral to development…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Everton Guimaraes , Nathalia Nascimento , Chandan Shivalingaiah , Asish Nelapati

The landscape of education is changing rapidly, shaped by emerging pedagogical approaches, technological innovations such as artificial intelligence (AI), and evolving societal expectations, all of which demand thorough evaluation of new…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Fiammetta Caccavale , Carina L. Gargalo , Julian Kager , Magdalena Skowyra , Steen Larsen , Krist V. Gernaey , Ulrich Krühne

In this preliminary study, we investigate a GPT-driven intent-based reasoning approach to streamline tool selection for large language models (LLMs) aimed at system efficiency. By identifying the intent behind user prompts at runtime, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-25 Michael Fore , Simranjit Singh , Dimitrios Stamoulis

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become extremely potent instruments with exceptional capacities for comprehending and producing human-like text in a wide range of applications. However, the increasing size and complexity of LLMs present…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Yingbing Huang , Lily Jiaxin Wan , Hanchen Ye , Manvi Jha , Jinghua Wang , Yuhong Li , Xiaofan Zhang , Deming Chen

Dynamically configuring algorithm hyperparameters is a fundamental challenge in computational intelligence. While learning-based methods offer automation, they suffer from prohibitive sample complexity and poor generalization. We introduce…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Zhenxing Xu , Yizhe Zhang , Weidong Bao , Hao Wang , Ming Chen , Haoran Ye , Wenzheng Jiang , Hui Yan , Ji Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in code-related tasks, raising concerns about their potential for automated exploit generation (AEG). This paper presents the first systematic study on LLMs'…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-05 David Jin , Qian Fu , Yuekang Li

Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) is a powerful approach for enhancing the factual grounding of language models by integrating external knowledge. While widely studied for large language models, the optimization of RAG for Small Language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Amir Hossein Mohammadi , Ali Moeinian , Zahra Razavizade , Afsaneh Fatemi , Reza Ramezani

Investigative journalists routinely confront large document collections. Large language models (LLMs) with retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) capabilities promise to accelerate the process of document discovery, but newsroom adoption…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Nick Hagar , Nicholas Diakopoulos , Jeremy Gilbert

Effective incident response (IR) is critical for mitigating cyber threats, yet security teams are overwhelmed by alert fatigue, high false-positive rates, and the vast volume of unstructured Cyber Threat Intelligence (CTI) documents. While…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Amine Tellache , Abdelaziz Amara Korba , Amdjed Mokhtari , Horea Moldovan , Yacine Ghamri-Doudane

As Large Language Models (LLMs) become increasingly embedded in empirical research workflows, their use as analytical tools for quantitative or qualitative data raises pressing concerns for scientific integrity. This opinion paper draws a…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Thomas Kosch , Sebastian Feger

Offensive security is one of the state of the art measures to protect enterprises and organizations. Penetration testing, broadly called pentesting, is a branch of offensive security designed to find, rate and exploit these vulnerabilities,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-13 Jacobo Casado de Gracia , Alfonso Sánchez-Macián