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Different security issues are a common problem for open source packages archived to and delivered through software ecosystems. These often manifest themselves as software weaknesses that may lead to concrete software vulnerabilities. This…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-12-28 Jukka Ruohonen , Kalle Hjerppe , Kalle Rindell

Optimal Causation Entropy (oCSE) is a robust causal network modeling technique that reveals causal networks from dynamical systems and coupled oscillators, distinguishing direct from indirect paths. CausationEntropy is a Python package that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Kevin Slote , Jeremie Fish , Erik Bollt

Software supply chain attacks targeting the npm ecosystem have become increasingly sophisticated, leveraging obfuscation and complex logic to evade traditional detection mechanisms. Recently, large language models (LLMs) have attracted…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Dang-Khoa Nguyen , Gia-Thang Ho , Quang-Minh Pham , Tuyet A. Dang-Thi , Minh-Khanh Vu , Thanh-Cong Nguyen , Phat T. Tran-Truong , Duc-Ly Vu

Malicious attacks on open-source software packages are a growing concern. The discovery of the XZ Utils backdoor intensified these concerns because of the potential widespread impact. This study, therefore, explores the challenges of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Duc-Ly Vu , Trevor Dunlap , Karla Obermeier-Velazquez , Thanh-Cong Nguyen , Paul Gibert , John Speed Meyers , Santiago Torres-Arias

Malicious code in open-source repositories such as PyPI poses a growing threat to software supply chains. Traditional rule-based tools often overlook the semantic patterns in source code that are crucial for identifying adversarial…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Muhammad Umar Zeshan , Motunrayo Ibiyo , Claudio Di Sipio , Phuong T. Nguyen , Davide Di Ruscio

Code generation large language models (LLMs) are increasingly integrated into modern software development workflows. Recent work has shown that these models are vulnerable to backdoor and poisoning attacks that induce the generation of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Shenao Yan , Shimaa Ahmed , Shan Jin , Sunpreet S. Arora , Yiwei Cai , Yizhen Wang , Yuan Hong

Malicious package detection has become a critical task in ensuring the security and stability of the PyPI. Existing detection approaches have focused on advancing model selection, evolving from traditional machine learning (ML) models to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Xingan Gao , Xiaobing Sun , Sicong Cao , Kaifeng Huang , Di Wu , Xiaolei Liu , Xingwei Lin , Yang Xiang

Open-source software (OSS) dependencies introduce systemic risks that are difficult to manage at scale. Existing Software Composition Analysis (SCA) and reachability tools generate severe alert fatigue by treating risk as an intrinsic…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Henry Ruckman-Utting , Vrushal Nedungadi , Taiga Okuma , LeTian Wang , Stephen Ehebald , Mohammad A. Tayebi

Malicious software threats and their detection have been gaining importance as a subdomain of information security due to the expansion of ICT applications in daily settings. A major challenge in designing and developing anti-malware…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-01-15 Cengiz Acarturk , Melih Sirlanci , Pinar Gurkan Balikcioglu , Deniz Demirci , Nazenin Sahin , Ozge Acar Kucuk

Deep neural networks often exploit shortcuts. These are spurious cues which are associated with output labels in the training data but are unrelated to task semantics. When the shortcut features are associated with sensitive attributes,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Akshit Achara , Peter Triantafillou , Esther Puyol-Antón , Alexander Hammers , Andrew P. King

Modern software development frequently uses third-party packages, raising the concern of supply chain security attacks. Many attackers target popular package managers, like npm, and their users with supply chain attacks. In 2021 there was a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-02-15 Nusrat Zahan , Thomas Zimmermann , Patrice Godefroid , Brendan Murphy , Chandra Maddila , Laurie Williams

The evolution of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) has shifted the focus from text generation to active behavioral execution, particularly via OS agents navigating complex GUIs. However, the transition of these agents into…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Zheng Wu , Yi Hua , Zhaoyuan Huang , Chenhao Xue , Yijie Lu , Pengzhou Cheng , Zongru Wu , Lingzhong Dong , Gongshen Liu , Xinghao Jiang , Zhuosheng Zhang

Trivial packages, small modules with low functionality, are common in the npm ecosystem and can pose security risks despite their simplicity. This paper refines existing definitions and introduce data-only packages that contain no…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Napasorn Tevarut , Brittany Reid , Yutaro Kashiwa , Pattara Leelaprute , Arnon Rungsawang , Bundit Manaskasemsak , Hajimu Iida

Deep reinforcement learning agents frequently suffer from premature convergence, where early entropy collapse causes the policy to discard exploratory behaviors before discovering globally optimal strategies. We introduce Optimistic Policy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Mai Pham , Vikrant Vaze , Peter Chin

Recent high-profile incidents in open-source software have greatly raised practitioner attention on software supply chain attacks. To guard against potential malicious package updates, security practitioners advocate pinning dependency to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Hao He , Bogdan Vasilescu , Christian Kästner

The proliferation of open-source software (OSS) has made software supply chains prime targets for attacks like Package Confusion, where adversaries publish malicious packages with names deceptively similar to legitimate ones. To protect…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Yu Li , Wei Ma , Zhi Chen , Ye Liu , Lingxiao Jiang , Junyi Tao , Hao Liu , Yongqiang Lyu , Qiang Hu

Modern software supply chains face an increasing threat from malicious code hidden in trusted components such as browser extensions, IDE extensions, and open-source packages. This paper introduces JavaSith, a novel client-side framework for…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Avihay Cohen

Fuzzing has proven to be very effective for discovering certain classes of software flaws, but less effective in helping developers process these discoveries. Conventional crash-based fuzzers lack enough information about failures to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-04 Allison Naaktgeboren , Sean Noble Anderson , Andrew Tolmach , Greg Sullivan

Language-based ecosystems (LBE), i.e., software ecosystems based on a single programming language, are very common. Examples include the npm ecosystem for JavaScript, and PyPI for Python. These environments encourage code reuse between…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-12-01 Ruturaj K. Vaidya , Lorenzo De Carli , Drew Davidson , Vaibhav Rastogi

Software engineers regularly use JavaScript and Python for both front-end and back-end automation tasks. On top of JavaScript and Python, there are several frameworks to facilitate automation tasks further. Some of these frameworks are Node…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-08-24 Berkay Kaplan , Jingyu Qian