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Open-source software serves as a foundation for the internet and the cyber supply chain, but its exploitation is becoming increasingly prevalent. While advances in vulnerability detection for OSS have been significant, prior research has…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-02 Zhuoran Tan , Christos Anagnosstopoulos , Jeremy Singer

Current software supply chains heavily rely on open-source packages hosted in public repositories. Given the popularity of ecosystems like npm and PyPI, malicious users started to spread malware by publishing open-source packages containing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-10-17 Piergiorgio Ladisa , Serena Elisa Ponta , Nicola Ronzoni , Matias Martinez , Olivier Barais

Package managers such as NPM, Maven, and PyPI play a pivotal role in open-source software (OSS) ecosystems, streamlining the distribution and management of various freely available packages. The fine-grained details within software packages…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-04-18 Xiaoyan Zhou , Feiran Liang , Zhaojie Xie , Yang Lan , Wenjia Niu , Jiqiang Liu , Haining Wang , Qiang Li

Malicious Python packages make software supply chains vulnerable by exploiting trust in open-source repositories like Python Package Index (PyPI). Lack of real-time behavioral monitoring makes metadata inspection and static code analysis…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Sk Tanzir Mehedi , Chadni Islam , Gowri Ramachandran , Raja Jurdak

The NPM ecosystem has become a primary target for software supply chain attacks, yet existing detection tools are evaluated in isolation on incompatible datasets, making cross-tool comparison unreliable. We conduct a benchmark-driven…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Wenbo Guo , Zhongwen Chen , Zhengzi Xu , Chengwei Liu , Ming Kang , Shiwen Song , Chengyue Liu , Yijia Xu , Weisong Sun , Yang Liu

The rise of supply chain attacks via malicious Python packages demands robust detection solutions. Current approaches, however, overlook two critical challenges: robustness against adversarial source code transformations and adaptability to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-05 Biagio Montaruli , Luca Compagna , Serena Elisa Ponta , Davide Balzarotti

PyPI provides a convenient and accessible package management platform to developers, enabling them to quickly implement specific functions and improve work efficiency. However, the rapid development of the PyPI ecosystem has led to a severe…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-09-21 Wenbo Guo , Zhengzi Xu , Chengwei Liu , Cheng Huang , Yong Fang , Yang Liu

Background. In modern software development, the use of external libraries and packages is increasingly prevalent, streamlining the software development process and enabling developers to deploy feature-rich systems with little coding. While…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-12-09 Haya Samaana , Diego Elias Costa , Emad Shihab , Ahmad Abdellatif

Open-source software (OSS) supply chain enlarges the attack surface, which makes package registries attractive targets for attacks. Recently, package registries NPM and PyPI have been flooded with malicious packages. The effectiveness of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-05 Junan Zhang , Kaifeng Huang , Yiheng Huang , Bihuan Chen , Ruisi Wang , Chong Wang , Xin Peng

The Python Package Index (PyPI) has become a target for malicious actors, yet existing detection tools generate false positive rates of 15-30%, incorrectly flagging one-third of legitimate packages as malicious. This problem arises because…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Wenbo Guo , Chengwei Liu , Ming Kang , Yiran Zhang , Jiahui Wu , Zhengzi Xu , Vinay Sachidananda , Yang Liu

The increasingly sophisticated environment in which attackers operate makes software security an even greater challenge in open-source projects, where malicious packages are prevalent. Static analysis tools, such as Malcontent, are highly…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Duc-Ly Vu , Thanh-Cong Nguyen , Minh-Khanh Vu , Ngoc-Thanh Nguyen , Kim-Anh Do Thi

Recently, the number of malicious open-source packages in package repositories has been increasing dramatically. While major security scanners focus on identifying known Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVEs) in open-source packages,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Thanh-Cong Nguyen , Ngoc-Thanh Nguyen , Van-Giau Ung , Duc-Ly Vu

Protecting software supply chains from malicious packages is paramount in the evolving landscape of software development. Attacks on the software supply chain involve attackers injecting harmful software into commonly used packages or…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-02-13 S. Halder , M. Bewong , A. Mahboubi , Y. Jiang , R. Islam , Z. Islam , R. Ip , E. Ahmed , G. Ramachandran , A. Babar

The widespread adoption of open-source ecosystems enables developers to integrate third-party packages, but also exposes them to malicious packages crafted to execute harmful behavior via public repositories such as PyPI. Existing datasets…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Ahmed Ryan , Junaid Mansur Ifti , Md Erfan , Akond Ashfaque Ur Rahman , Md Rayhanur Rahman

With the growing popularity of modularity in software development comes the rise of package managers and language ecosystems. Among them, npm stands out as the most extensive package manager, hosting more than 2 million third-party…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-03-14 Cheng Huang , Nannan Wang , Ziyan Wang , Siqi Sun , Lingzi Li , Junren Chen , Qianchong Zhao , Jiaxuan Han , Zhen Yang , Lei Shi

SourceRank is a scoring system made of 18 metrics that assess the popularity and quality of open-source packages. Despite being used in several recent studies, none has thoroughly analyzed its reliability against evasion attacks aimed at…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Biagio Montaruli , Serena Elisa Ponta , Luca Compagna , Davide Balzarotti

Trojanized software packages used in software supply chain attacks constitute an emerging threat. Unfortunately, there is still a lack of scalable approaches that allow automated and timely detection of malicious software packages and thus…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-03-22 Marc Ohm , Lukas Kempf , Felix Boes , Michael Meier

A software supply chain attack is characterized by the injection of malicious code into a software package in order to compromise dependent systems further down the chain. Recent years saw a number of supply chain attacks that leverage the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-05-20 Marc Ohm , Henrik Plate , Arnold Sykosch , Michael Meier

Open-source ecosystems such as NPM and PyPI are increasingly targeted by supply chain attacks, yet existing detection methods either depend on fragile handcrafted rules or data-driven features that fail to capture evolving attack semantics.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Wenbo Guo , Shiwen Song , Jiaxun Guo , Zhengzi Xu , Chengwei Liu , Haoran Ou , Mengmeng Ge , Yang Liu

Malicious software packages in open-source ecosystems, such as PyPI, pose growing security risks. Unlike traditional vulnerabilities, these packages are intentionally designed to deceive users, making detection challenging due to evolving…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-04-21 Motunrayo Ibiyo , Thinakone Louangdy , Phuong T. Nguyen , Claudio Di Sipio , Davide Di Ruscio
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