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While Large Language Models (LLMs) excel in zero-shot Question Answering (QA), they tend to expose biases in their internal knowledge when faced with socially sensitive questions, leading to a degradation in performance. Existing zero-shot…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Suyoung Bae , YunSeok Choi , Jee-Hyong Lee

Recent advances in large-scale vision and language models have led to significant progress in zero-shot learning tasks. Methods such as CoOp and CoCoOp have shown that replacing handcrafted prompts with learnable vectors, known as prompt…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Gahyeon Kim , Sohee Kim , Seokju Lee

The promising zero-shot generalization of vision-language models such as CLIP has led to their adoption using prompt learning for numerous downstream tasks. Previous works have shown test-time prompt tuning using entropy minimization to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-12 Jameel Hassan , Hanan Gani , Noor Hussein , Muhammad Uzair Khattak , Muzammal Naseer , Fahad Shahbaz Khan , Salman Khan

With the advent of vision-language models (e.g., CLIP) in zero- and few-shot settings, CLIP has been widely applied to zero-shot anomaly detection (ZSAD) in recent research, where the rare classes are essential and expected in many…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Yuhu Bai , Jiangning Zhang , Yunkang Cao , Guangyuan Lu , Qingdong He , Xiangtai Li , Guanzhong Tian

Zero-Shot Anomaly Detection (ZSAD) aims to identify and localize anomalous regions in images of unseen object classes. While recent methods based on vision-language models like CLIP show promise, their performance is constrained by existing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Yuheng Shao , Lizhang Wang , Changhao Li , Peixian Chen , Qinyuan Liu

One of the most impressive results of recent NLP history is the ability of pre-trained language models to solve new tasks in a zero-shot setting. To achieve this, NLP tasks are framed as natural language prompts, generating a response…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-29 Chunting Zhou , Junxian He , Xuezhe Ma , Taylor Berg-Kirkpatrick , Graham Neubig

Current pre-trained vision-language models, such as CLIP, have demonstrated remarkable zero-shot generalization capabilities across various downstream tasks. However, their performance significantly degrades when test inputs exhibit…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Junhui Yin , Xinyu Zhang , Lin Wu , Xiaojie Wang

Despite the success of large-scale pretrained Vision-Language Models (VLMs) especially CLIP in various open-vocabulary tasks, their application to semantic segmentation remains challenging, producing noisy segmentation maps with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-18 Mengcheng Lan , Chaofeng Chen , Yiping Ke , Xinjiang Wang , Litong Feng , Wayne Zhang

Joint audio-text models are widely used for music retrieval, yet they struggle with semantic phenomena such as negation. Negation is fundamental for distinguishing the absence (or presence) of musical elements (e.g., "with vocals" vs.…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Yannis Vasilakis , Rachel Bittner , Johan Pauwels

Citations in scientific papers not only help us trace the intellectual lineage but also are a useful indicator of the scientific significance of the work. Citation intents prove beneficial as they specify the role of the citation in a given…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-04 Avishek Lahiri , Debarshi Kumar Sanyal , Imon Mukherjee

Zero-shot medical image classification is a critical process in real-world scenarios where we have limited access to all possible diseases or large-scale annotated data. It involves computing similarity scores between a query medical image…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-07-06 Jiaxiang Liu , Tianxiang Hu , Yan Zhang , Xiaotang Gai , Yang Feng , Zuozhu Liu

Automated Audio captioning (AAC) is a cross-modal task that generates natural language to describe the content of input audio. Most prior works usually extract single-modality acoustic features and are therefore sub-optimal for the…

Sound · Computer Science 2022-04-13 Chen Chen , Nana Hou , Yuchen Hu , Heqing Zou , Xiaofeng Qi , Eng Siong Chng

Automated audio captioning models frequently produce overconfident predictions regardless of semantic accuracy, limiting their reliability in deployment. This deficiency stems from two factors: evaluation metrics based on n-gram overlap…

Object detection in hazy environments is challenging because degraded objects are nearly invisible and their semantics are weakened by environmental noise, making it difficult for detectors to identify. Common approaches involve image…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Jian Pang , Bingfeng Zhang , Jin Wang , Baodi Liu , Dapeng Tao , Weifeng Liu

Recent prompt-based text-to-speech (TTS) models can clone an unseen speaker using only a short speech prompt. They leverage a strong in-context ability to mimic the speech prompts, including speaker style, prosody, and emotion. Therefore,…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Jinlong Xue , Yayue Deng , Yingming Gao , Ya Li

Vision-language models (VLMs) pre-trained on web-scale data exhibit promising zero-shot generalization but often suffer from semantic misalignment due to domain gaps between pre-training and downstream tasks. Existing approaches primarily…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Xiaojie Yin , Qilong Wang , Qinghua Hu

Pre-trained vision-language models (VLMs) have achieved promising success in many fields, especially with prompt learning paradigm. In this work, we propose GIP-COL (Graph-Injected Soft Prompting for COmpositional Learning) to better…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-13 Guangyue Xu , Joyce Chai , Parisa Kordjamshidi

In this paper, we propose a submission to the x-to-audio alignment (XACLE) challenge. The goal is to predict semantic alignment of a given general audio and text pair. The proposed system is based on a large audio language model (LALM)…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Ayuto Tsutsumi , Kohei Tanaka , Sayaka Shiota

Attribute-controlled translation (ACT) is a subtask of machine translation that involves controlling stylistic or linguistic attributes (like formality and gender) of translation outputs. While ACT has garnered attention in recent years due…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-08 Gabriele Sarti , Phu Mon Htut , Xing Niu , Benjamin Hsu , Anna Currey , Georgiana Dinu , Maria Nadejde

Recently, vision-language models like CLIP have advanced the state of the art in a variety of multi-modal tasks including image captioning and caption evaluation. Many approaches leverage CLIP for cross-modal retrieval to condition…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Fabian Paischer , Markus Hofmarcher , Sepp Hochreiter , Thomas Adler