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Most existing keyword spotting research focuses on conditions with slight or moderate noise. In this paper, we try to tackle a more challenging task: detecting keywords buried under strong interfering speech (10 times higher than the…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Ying Shi , Dong Wang , Lantian Li , Jiqing Han , Shi Yin

Despite recent advances in end-to-end speech recognition methods, the output tends to be biased to the training data's vocabulary, resulting in inaccurate recognition of proper nouns and other unknown terms. To address this issue, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Yu Nakagome , Michael Hentschel

Spotting user-defined/flexible keywords represented in text frequently uses an expensive text encoder for joint analysis with an audio encoder in an embedding space, which can suffer from heterogeneous modality representation (i.e., large…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-08-15 Kumari Nishu , Minsik Cho , Paul Dixon , Devang Naik

In this paper, we explore and evaluate the use of ranking-based objective functions for learning simultaneously a word string and a word image encoder. We consider retrieval frameworks in which the user expects a retrieval list ranked…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-06-10 Pau Riba , Adrià Molina , Lluis Gomez , Oriol Ramos-Terrades , Josep Lladós

Deep neural networks provide effective solutions to small-footprint keyword spotting (KWS). However, if training data is limited, it remains challenging to achieve robust and highly accurate KWS in real-world scenarios where unseen sounds…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-07-14 Menglong Xu , Shengqiang Li , Chengdong Liang , Xiao-Lei Zhang

During maintenance, software developers deal with numerous change requests that are written in an unstructured fashion using natural language. Such natural language texts illustrate the change requirement involving various domain related…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2018-07-13 Mohammad Masudur Rahman , Chanchal K. Roy

Emerging Large Language Model (LLM) applications require long input context in order to perform complex tasks like document analysis and code generation. For these long context length applications, the length of the input prompt poses a…

User-defined keyword spotting (KWS) is crucial for personalized voice interaction, yet existing methods face several challenges: (1) insufficient discriminability among confusable words, (2) performance inconsistency across speakers with…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-22 Zhiqi Ai , Han Cheng , Shiyi Mu , Xinnuo Li , Yongjin Zhou , Shugong Xu

This study presents a novel zero-shot user-defined keyword spotting model that utilizes the audio-phoneme relationship of the keyword to improve performance. Unlike the previous approach that estimates at utterance level, we use both…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-09-01 Yong-Hyeok Lee , Namhyun Cho

Speech recognition is a sequence prediction problem. Besides employing various deep learning approaches for framelevel classification, sequence-level discriminative training has been proved to be indispensable to achieve the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-08-20 Zhehuai Chen , Yanmin Qian , Kai Yu

Continuous Speech Keyword Spotting (CSKS) is the problem of spotting keywords in recorded conversations, when a small number of instances of keywords are available in training data. Unlike the more common Keyword Spotting, where an…

Sound · Computer Science 2019-01-15 Harshita Seth , Pulkit Kumar , Muktabh Mayank Srivastava

Using audio and text embeddings jointly for Keyword Spotting (KWS) has shown high-quality results, but the key challenge of how to semantically align two embeddings for multi-word keywords of different sequence lengths remains largely…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-06-09 Kumari Nishu , Minsik Cho , Devang Naik

We propose a new method of generating meaningful embeddings for speech, changes to four commonly used meta learning approaches to enable them to perform keyword spotting in continuous signals and an approach of combining their outcomes into…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-02-26 Florian Lux , Ngoc Thang Vu

Existing dense retrieval models struggle with reasoning-intensive retrieval task as they fail to capture implicit relevance that requires reasoning beyond surface-level semantic information. To address these challenges, we propose…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-07-18 Sangam Lee , Ryang Heo , SeongKu Kang , Dongha Lee

Joint vision-language models have shown great performance over a diverse set of tasks. However, little is known about their limitations, as the high dimensional space learned by these models makes it difficult to identify semantic errors.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-06-01 Santiago Castro , Oana Ignat , Rada Mihalcea

Keyword Extraction is an important task in several text analysis endeavors. In this paper, we present a critical discussion of the issues and challenges ingraph-based keyword extraction methods, along with comprehensive empirical analysis.…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2018-11-28 Swagata Duari , Vasudha Bhatnagar

Self-supervised learning (SSL) has proven vital in speech and audio-related applications. The paradigm trains a general model on unlabeled data that can later be used to solve specific downstream tasks. This type of model is costly to train…

Distributed representation of words has improved the performance for many natural language tasks. In many methods, however, only one meaning is considered for one label of a word, and multiple meanings of polysemous words depending on the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-06-01 Yusuke Takimoto , Yosuke Fukuchi , Shoya Matsumori , Michita Imai

Catastrophic forgetting is a thorny challenge when updating keyword spotting (KWS) models after deployment. This problem will be more challenging if KWS models are further required for edge devices due to their limited memory. To alleviate…

Sound · Computer Science 2022-07-01 Yang Xiao , Nana Hou , Eng Siong Chng

The vocabulary gap is a core challenge in information retrieval (IR). In e-commerce applications like product search, the vocabulary gap is reported to be a bigger challenge than in more traditional application areas in IR, such as news…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2020-07-21 Fatemeh Sarvi , Nikos Voskarides , Lois Mooiman , Sebastian Schelter , Maarten de Rijke