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We review clustering as an analysis tool and the underlying concepts from an introductory perspective. What is clustering and how can clusterings be realised programmatically? How can data be represented and prepared for a clustering task?…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-05 Jan-Oliver Felix Kapp-Joswig , Bettina G. Keller

Bayesian model selection provides the cosmologist with an exacting tool to distinguish between competing models based purely on the data, via the Bayesian evidence. Previous methods to calculate this quantity either lacked general…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 J. R. Shaw , M. Bridges , M. P. Hobson

Cluster sampling is common in survey practice, and the corresponding inference has been predominantly design-based. We develop a Bayesian framework for cluster sampling and account for the design effect in the outcome modeling. We consider…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-06-24 Susanna Makela , Yajuan Si , Andrew Gelman

The clustering of bounded data presents unique challenges in statistical analysis due to the constraints imposed on the data values. This paper introduces a novel method for model-based clustering specifically designed for bounded data.…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-05-16 Luca Scrucca

We propose a novel agglomerative clustering method based on unmasking, a technique that was previously used for authorship verification of text documents and for abnormal event detection in videos. In order to join two clusters, we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-05-03 Mariana-Iuliana Georgescu , Radu Tudor Ionescu

A major challenge in cluster analysis is that the number of data clusters is mostly unknown and it must be estimated prior to clustering the observed data. In real-world applications, the observed data is often subject to heavy tailed noise…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-05-06 Freweyni K. Teklehaymanot , Michael Muma , Abdelhak M. Zoubir

Bayesian model-based clustering is a widely applied procedure for discovering groups of related observations in a dataset. These approaches use Bayesian mixture models, estimated with MCMC, which provide posterior samples of the model…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-09-24 Ketong Wang , Michael D. Porter

Clustering algorithms have long been the topic of research, representing the more popular side of unsupervised learning. Since clustering analysis is one of the best ways to find some clarity and structure within raw data, this paper…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Naitik Gada

Bayesian models offer great flexibility for clustering applications---Bayesian nonparametrics can be used for modeling infinite mixtures, and hierarchical Bayesian models can be utilized for sharing clusters across multiple data sets. For…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2012-06-15 Brian Kulis , Michael I. Jordan

Finding patient subgroups with similar characteristics is crucial for personalized decision-making in various disciplines such as healthcare and policy evaluation. While most existing approaches rely on unsupervised clustering methods,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-03-06 Luwei Wang , Nazir Lone , Sohan Seth

Reliable uncertainty quantification remains a central challenge in predictive modeling. While Bayesian methods are theoretically appealing, their predictive intervals can exhibit poor frequentist calibration, particularly with small sample…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-08-05 Graham Gibson

We develop a Bayesian framework for tackling the supervised clustering problem, the generic problem encountered in tasks such as reference matching, coreference resolution, identity uncertainty and record linkage. Our clustering model is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2009-07-07 Hal Daumé , Daniel Marcu

Nested sampling is an efficient algorithm for the calculation of the Bayesian evidence and posterior parameter probability distributions. It is based on the step-by-step exploration of the parameter space by Monte Carlo sampling with a…

Computation · Statistics 2024-01-30 M. Trassinelli , Pierre Ciccodicola

Bagging and boosting are proved to be the best methods of building multiple classifiers in classification combination problems. In the area of "flat clustering" problems, it is also recognized that multi-clustering methods based on boosting…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-05-31 Elaheh Rashedi , Abdolreza Mirzaei

Clustering is a well-known and studied problem, one of its variants, called contiguity-constrained clustering, accepts as a second input a graph used to encode prior information about cluster structure by means of contiguity constraints…

Computation · Statistics 2023-02-27 Etienne Côme

The paper tackles the problem of clustering multiple networks, directed or not, that do not share the same set of vertices, into groups of networks with similar topology. A statistical model-based approach based on a finite mixture of…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2023-11-07 Tabea Rebafka

A major limitation of clustering approaches is their lack of explainability: methods rarely provide insight into which features drive the grouping of similar observations. To address this limitation, we propose an ensemble-based clustering…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-03-23 Federico Maria Quetti , Elena Ballante , Silvia Figini , Paolo Giudici

Classical clustering algorithms typically either lack an underlying probability framework to make them predictive or focus on parameter estimation rather than defining and minimizing a notion of error. Recent work addresses these issues by…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-11-21 Lori A. Dalton , Marco E. Benalcázar , Edward R. Dougherty

Bayesian nonparametric mixture models are widely used to cluster observations. However, one major drawback of the approach is that the estimated partition often presents unbalanced clusters' frequencies with only a few dominating clusters…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-02-03 Beatrice Franzolini , Giovanni Rebaudo

In cluster analysis interest lies in probabilistically capturing partitions of individuals, items or observations into groups, such that those belonging to the same group share similar attributes or relational profiles. Bayesian posterior…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-03-23 Riccardo Rastelli , Nial Friel