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Performing thermodynamic tasks within finite time while minimizing thermodynamic costs is a central challenge in stochastic thermodynamics. Here, we develop a unified framework for optimizing the thermodynamic cost of performing various…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-09-16 Kaito Tojo , Rihito Nagase , Ken Funo , Takahiro Sagawa

The emerging field of quantum thermodynamics is beginning to reveal the intriguing role that information can play in quantum thermal engines. Information enters as a resource when considering feedback-controlled thermal machines. While both…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-13 Lindsay Bassman Oftelie , Michele Campisi

(abridged) In this paper, we present the issues we consider as essential as far as the statistical mechanics of finite systems is concerned. In particular, we emphasis our present understanding of phase transitions in the framework of…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2012-02-20 P. Chomaz , F. Gulminelli

Most approaches for designing self-assembled materials focus on the thermodynamic stability of a target structure or crystal polymorph. Yet in practice, the outcome of a self-assembly process is often controlled by kinetic pathways. Here we…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2025-05-08 Sambarta Chatterjee , William M. Jacobs

In this theoretical study, we determine the maximum amount of work extractable in finite time by a demon performing continuous measurements on a quadratic Hamiltonian system subjected to thermal fluctuations, in terms of the information…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2014-10-21 Henrik Sandberg , Jean-Charles Delvenne , Nigel J. Newton , Sanjoy K. Mitter

We propose a setup based on two coupled quantum dots where thermodynamics of a measurement can be quantitatively characterized. The information obtained in the measurement can be utilized by performing feedback in a manner apparently…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2016-04-06 Aki Kutvonen , Takahiro Sagawa , Tapio Ala-Nissilä

The nanoscopic isothermal machines are not only energy but also information transducers. We show that the generalized fluctuation theorem with information creation and entropy reduction can be fulfilled for the enzymatic molecular machines…

Biological Physics · Physics 2017-02-06 Michal Kurzynski , Przemyslaw Chelminiak

We investigate thermodynamics of feedback processes driven by measurement. Regarding system and memory device as a composite system, mutual information as a measure of correlation between the two constituents contributes to the entropy of…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2017-04-12 Chulan Kwon

The thermodynamical costs imposed by computational resource limitations like memory and time have been investigated before. We focus on a new computational limitation, namely, the machine being allowed to scan the input only once, and prove…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-04-25 Fırat Kıyak , A. C. Cem Say

In many complex systems, whether biological or artificial, the thermodynamic costs of communication among their components are large. These systems also tend to split information transmitted between any two components across multiple…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2024-02-12 Farita Tasnim , Nahuel Freitas , David H. Wolpert

Optimal transport theory, originally developed in the 18th century for civil engineering, has since become a powerful optimization framework across disciplines, from generative AI to cell biology. In physics, it has recently been shown to…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-12-02 Shingo Oikawa , Yohei Nakayama , Sosuke Ito , Takahiro Sagawa , Shoichi Toyabe

Extending the quantum formulation of [Phys. Rev. X 3, 041003 (2013)] to a more general setting for studying the thermodynamics of information processing including initial correlations, we generalize the second law of thermodynamics to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-13 Shou-I Tang , Emery Doucet , Akram Touil , Sebastian Deffner , Akira Sone

A long standing open problem whether a heat engine with finite power achieves the Carnot efficiency is investigated. We rigorously prove a general trade-off inequality on thermodynamic efficiency and time interval of a cyclic process with…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2017-08-18 Naoto Shiraishi , Hiroyasu Tajima

Achieving the Carnot efficiency at finite power is a challenging problem in heat engines due to the trade-off relation between efficiency and power that holds for general heat engines. It is pointed out that the Carnot efficiency at finite…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2022-03-03 Kosuke Miura , Yuki Izumida , Koji Okuda

We propose an electronic bipartite system consisting of a working substance, in which a refrigeration process is implemented, and of a nonthermal resource region, containing a combination of different thermal baths. In the working…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2025-01-29 Juliette Monsel , Matteo Acciai , Rafael Sánchez , Janine Splettstoesser

We review the trade-offs between speed, fluctuations, and thermodynamic cost involved with biological processes in nonequilibrium states, and discuss how optimal these processes are in light of the universal bound set by the thermodynamic…

Biological Physics · Physics 2022-02-28 Yonghyun Song , Changbong Hyeon

The Landauer principle establishes a fundamental lower bound on the energetic cost of the erasure of a one-bit memory in thermal equilibrium. Here, we experimentally demonstrate how this bound can be effectively circumvented by introducing…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-02-24 Salambô Dago , Ludovic Bellon

Many biological functions require the dynamics to be necessarily driven out-of-equilibrium. In contrast, in various contexts, a nonequilibrium dynamics at fast timescales can be described by an effective equilibrium dynamics at a slower…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2020-11-18 Amit Singh Vishen

We derive two fundamental trade-offs for general stochastic limit cycles in the weak-noise limit. The first is the dissipation-coherence trade-off, which was discovered and proved under additional assumptions by Santolin and Falasco [Phys.…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-05-04 Ryuna Nagayama , Sosuke Ito

Thermodynamics (in concert with its sister discipline, statistical physics) can be regarded as a data reduction scheme based on partitioning a total system into a subsystem and a bath that weakly interact with each other. The ubiquity and…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-11-11 David Ford , Steven Huntsman