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Reusing code can produce duplicate or near-duplicate code clones in code repositories. Current code clone detection techniques, like Program Dependence Graphs, rely on code structure and their dependencies to detect clones. These techniques…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-06-26 Sandeep Kaur Kuttal , Akash Ghosh

Having similar code fragments, also called clones, in software systems can lead to unnecessary comprehension, review and change efforts. Syntactically similar clones can often be encountered in practice. The same is not clear for only…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2018-05-23 Verena Käfer , Stefan Wagner , Rainer Koschke

AI-based code review tools automatically review and comment on pull requests to improve code quality. Despite their growing presence, little is known about their actual impact. We present a large-scale empirical study of 16 popular AI-based…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Kexin Sun , Hongyu Kuang , Sebastian Baltes , Xin Zhou , He Zhang , Xiaoxing Ma , Guoping Rong , Dong Shao , Christoph Treude

Duplicated code or code clones are a kind of code smell that have both positive and negative impacts on the development and maintenance of software systems. Software clone research in the past mostly focused on the detection and analysis of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-05-05 Chanchal K. Roy , Minhaz F. Zibran , Rainer Koschke

Version Control Systems (VCS) like Git allow developers to locally rewrite recorded history, e.g., to reorder and suppress commits or specific data in them. These alterations have legitimate use cases, but become problematic when performed…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-12 Solal Rapaport , Laurent Pautet , Samuel Tardieu , Stefano Zacchiroli

Code review is widely known as one of the best practices for software quality assurance in software development. In a typical code review process, reviewers check the code committed by developers to ensure the quality of the code, during…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-04-05 Beiqi Zhang , Liming Fu , Peng Liang , Jiaxin Yu , Chong Wang

Teamwork, often mediated by version control systems such as Git and Apache Subversion (SVN), is central to professional programming. As a consequence, many colleges are incorporating both collaboration and online development environments…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2020-08-27 Niki Gitinabard , Ruth Okoilu , Yiqao Xu , Sarah Heckman , Tiffany Barnes , Collin Lynch

Code comments are essential for clarifying code functionality, improving readability, and facilitating collaboration among developers. Despite their importance, comments often become outdated, leading to inconsistencies with the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-09-18 Shiva Radmanesh , Aaron Imani , Iftekhar Ahmed , Mohammad Moshirpour

Code clones, referring to identical or similar code fragments, have long posed challenges in classical programming, impacting software quality, maintainability, and scalability. However, their presence and characteristics in quantum…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Kenta Manoku , Jianjun Zhao

Assessing similarity in source code has gained significant attention in recent years due to its importance in software engineering tasks such as clone detection and code search and recommendation. This work presents a comparative analysis…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-08-13 Jorge Martinez-Gil

Online code clones are code fragments that are copied from software projects or online sources to Stack Overflow as examples. Due to an absence of a checking mechanism after the code has been copied to Stack Overflow, they can become toxic…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-04-03 Chaiyong Ragkhitwetsagul , Jens Krinke , Matheus Paixao , Giuseppe Bianco , Rocco Oliveto

Source code similarity are increasingly used in application development to identify clones, isolate bugs, and find copy-rights violations. Similar code fragments can be very problematic due to the fact that errors in the original code must…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-07-30 F Alomari , M Harbi

Version control systems for source code, such as Git, are key tools in modern software development environments. Many developers use online services, such as GitHub or GitLab, for collaborative software development. While software projects…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-11-15 Alexander Krause , Jan H. Klemmer , Nicolas Huaman , Dominik Wermke , Yasemin Acar , Sascha Fahl

Commit messages are valuable resources for describing why code changes are committed to repositories in version control systems (e.g., Git). They effectively help developers understand code changes and better perform software maintenance…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Hongyu Kuang , Ning Zhang , Hui Gao , Xin Zhou , Wesley K. G. Assunção , Xiaoxing Ma , Dong Shao , Guoping Rong , He Zhang

Commit signing is a principal mechanism for verifying the origin of code in software supply chains. Security frameworks treat it as a core trust signal, assuming developers sign their commits consistently with keys they control and keep…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Abubakar Sadiq Shittu , John Sadik , Farzin Gholamrezae , Scott Ruoti

Detecting refactorings in commit history is essential to improve the comprehension of code changes in code reviews and to provide valuable information for empirical studies on software evolution. Several techniques have been proposed to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-12-06 Lei Chen , Shinpei Hayashi

Background: Bots help automate many of the tasks performed by software developers and are widely used to commit code in various social coding platforms. At present, it is not clear what types of activities these bots perform and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-11-10 Tapajit Dey , Bogdan Vasilescu , Audris Mockus

Software source code often harbours "hotspots": small portions of the code that change far more often than the rest of the project and thus concentrate maintenance activity. We mine the complete version histories of 91 evolving, actively…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Saleha Muzammil , Mughees Ur Rehman , Zoe Kotti , Diomidis Spinellis

Commit messages contain diverse and valuable types of knowledge in all aspects of software maintenance and evolution. Links are an example of such knowledge. Previous work on "9.6 million links in source code comments" showed that links are…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-05-29 Tao Xiao , Sebastian Baltes , Hideaki Hata , Christoph Treude , Raula Gaikovina Kula , Takashi Ishio , Kenichi Matsumoto

Data from software repositories have become an important foundation for the empirical study of software engineering processes. A recurring theme in the repository mining literature is the inference of developer networks capturing e.g.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-11-22 Christoph Gote , Ingo Scholtes , Frank Schweitzer