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The increasing complexity of modern software systems has led to a rise in vulnerabilities that malicious actors can exploit. Traditional methods of vulnerability detection, such as static and dynamic analysis, have limitations in…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Amanpreet Singh Saimbhi

In software, a vulnerability is a defect in a program that attackers might utilize to acquire unauthorized access, alter system functions, and acquire information. These vulnerabilities arise from programming faults, design flaws, incorrect…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-11-28 Md. Fahim Sultan , Tasmin Karim , Md. Shazzad Hossain Shaon , Mohammad Wardat , Mst Shapna Akter

Identifying vulnerabilities in the source code is essential to protect the software systems from cyber security attacks. It, however, is also a challenging step that requires specialized expertise in security and code representation. To…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-08 Van-Anh Nguyen , Dai Quoc Nguyen , Van Nguyen , Trung Le , Quan Hung Tran , Dinh Phung

A timely software update is vital to combat the increasing security vulnerabilities. However, some software vendors may secretly patch their vulnerabilities without creating CVE entries or even describing the security issue in their change…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-12-14 Xu He , Shu Wang , Pengbin Feng , Xinda Wang , Shiyu Sun , Qi Li , Kun Sun

We explore the applicability of Graph Neural Networks in learning the nuances of source code from a security perspective. Specifically, whether signatures of vulnerabilities in source code can be learned from its graph representation, in…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-06-17 Sahil Suneja , Yunhui Zheng , Yufan Zhuang , Jim Laredo , Alessandro Morari

Graph-based retrieval-augmented generation (Graph RAG) is increasingly deployed to support LLM applications by augmenting user queries with structured knowledge retrieved from a knowledge graph. While Graph RAG improves relational…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Minkyoo Song , Jaehan Kim , Myungchul Kang , Hanna Kim , Seungwon Shin , Sooel Son

Vulnerability identification is crucial to protect software systems from attacks for cyber-security. However, huge projects have more than millions of lines of code, and the complex dependencies make it hard to carry out traditional static…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-11-01 Shuo Liu , Gail Kaiser

Software vulnerabilities remain a persistent risk, yet static and dynamic analyses often overlook structural dependencies that shape insecure behaviors. Viewing programs as heterogeneous graphs, we capture control- and data-flow relations…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Jugal Gajjar , Kaustik Ranaware , Kamalasankari Subramaniakuppusamy

Mission-critical embedded software is critical to our society's infrastructure but can be subject to new security vulnerabilities as technology advances. When security issues arise, Reverse Engineers (REs) use Software Reverse Engineering…

Benefiting from the message passing mechanism, Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have been successful on flourish tasks over graph data. However, recent studies have shown that attackers can catastrophically degrade the performance of GNNs by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-24 Kuan Li , Yang Liu , Xiang Ao , Jianfeng Chi , Jinghua Feng , Hao Yang , Qing He

Vulnerabilities severely threaten software systems, making the timely application of security patches crucial for mitigating attacks. However, software vendors often silently patch vulnerabilities with limited disclosure, where Security…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Qingyuan Li , Chenchen Yu , Chuanyi Li , Xin-Cheng Wen , Cheryl Lee , Cuiyun Gao , Bin Luo

Graph representation learning (GRL) is critical for extracting insights from complex network structures, but it also raises security concerns due to potential privacy vulnerabilities in these representations. This paper investigates the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-24 Ruofan Wu , Guanhua Fang , Qiying Pan , Mingyang Zhang , Tengfei Liu , Weiqiang Wang

Malware detection in modern computing environments demands models that are not only accurate but also interpretable and robust to evasive techniques. Graph neural networks (GNNs) have shown promise in this domain by modeling rich structural…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Hossein Shokouhinejad , Roozbeh Razavi-Far , Griffin Higgins , Ali A Ghorbani

The high complexity of modern software supply chains necessitates tools such as Software Bill of Materials (SBOMs) to manage component dependencies, and Software Composition Analysis (SCA) tools to identify vulnerabilities. While there…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Howell Xia , Jonah Gluck , Sevval Simsek , David Sastre Medina , David Starobinski

Large language models (LLMs) have been proposed as powerful tools for detecting software vulnerabilities, where task-specific fine-tuning is typically employed to provide vulnerability-specific knowledge to the LLMs. However, existing…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Ruijun Feng , Hammond Pearce , Pietro Liguori , Yulei Sui

Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as a popular choice in vulnerability detection studies given their foundational capabilities, open source availability, and variety of models, but have limited scalability due to extensive compute…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Miles Farmer , Ekincan Ufuktepe , Anne Watson , Hialo Muniz Carvalho , Vadim Okun , Zineb Maasaoui , Kannappan Palaniappan

How can we find the right graph for semi-supervised learning? In real world applications, the choice of which edges to use for computation is the first step in any graph learning process. Interestingly, there are often many types of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-24 Jonathan Halcrow , Alexandru Moşoi , Sam Ruth , Bryan Perozzi

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) are widely used for graph representation learning. Despite its prevalence, GNN suffers from two drawbacks in the graph classification task, the neglect of graph-level relationships, and the generalization issue.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Jiaxing Xu , Jinjie Ni , Yiping Ke

A software vulnerability could be exploited without any visible symptoms. When no source code is available, although such silent program executions could cause very serious damage, the general problem of analyzing silent yet harmful…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-02-23 Zhilong Wang , Li Yu , Suhang Wang , Peng Liu

Graph node embedding aims at learning a vector representation for all nodes given a graph. It is a central problem in many machine learning tasks (e.g., node classification, recommendation, community detection). The key problem in graph…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-01 Shupeng Gui , Xiangliang Zhang , Pan Zhong , Shuang Qiu , Mingrui Wu , Jieping Ye , Zhengdao Wang , Ji Liu