Related papers: GRAVITY+ Wavefront Sensors: High-Contrast, Laser G…

First Light for the GRAVITY+ Adaptive Optics: Extreme Adaptive Optics for the Very Large Telescope Interferometer

GRAVITY+ improves by orders of magnitude the sensitivity, sky-coverage and contrast of the Very Large Telescope Interferometer (VLTI). A central part of this project is the development of Gravity Plus Adaptive Optics (GPAO), a dedicated…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2026-03-11 GRAVITY+ Collaboration , : , F. Allouche , C. Bailet , M. Benisty , A. Berdeu , J. -P. Berger , P. Berio , A. Bigioli , C. Blanchard , O. Boebion , H. Bonnet , G. Bourdarot , P. Bourget , W. Brandner , J. Brulé , P. Burgos , M. Carbillet , C. Correia , B. Courtney Barrer , S. Curaba , R. Davies , D. Defrère , A. Delboulbé , F. Delplancke , R. Dembet , A. Drescher , N. Dubost , A. Eckart , C. Édouard , F. Eisenhauer , L. Esteras Otal , M. Fabricius , H. Feuchtgruber , P. Fédou , G. Finger , N. M. Förster Schreiber , R. Frahm , E. Garcia , P. Garcia , R. Garcia Lopez , R. Genzel , J. P. Gil , S. Gillessen , T. Gomes , F. Gonté , V. Gopinath , C. Gouvret , J. Graf , P. Guajardo , S. Guieu , W. Hackenberg , M. Hartl , X. Haubois , F. Haußmann , T. Henning , P. Hibon , S. Hönig , M. Horrobin , M. Houllé , N. Hubin , I. Ibn Taieb , L. Jochum , L. Jocou , A. Jost , J. Kammerer , L. Karl , A. Kaufer , P. Kern , P. Kervella , J. Kolb , H. Korhonen , L. Kreidberg , P. Krempl , S. Lacour , S. Lagarde , O. Lai , V. Lapeyrère , R. Laugier , V. Leal , J. -B. Le Bouquin , J. Leftley , P. Léna , B. Lopez , D. Lutz , Y. Magnard , F. Mang , A. Marcotto , D. Maurel , A. Mérand , F. Millour , M. Montarges , N. More , N. Morujão , T. Moulin , H. Nowacki , M. Nowak , S. Oberti , T. Ott , L. Pallanca , F. Patru , T. Paumard , K. Perraut , G. Perrin , P. O. Petrucci , R. Petrov , O. Pfuhl , N. Pourré , S. Rabien , C. Rau , M. Riquelme , S. Robbe-Dubois , S. Rochat , M. Salman , J. Sánchez-Bermúdez , J. Schubert , J. Scigliuto , P. Shchekaturov , N. Schuhler , J. Shangguan , T. Shimizu , S. Scheithauer , C. Soenke , F. Soulez , E. Stadler , J. Stadler , C. Straubmeier , E. Sturm , M. Subroweit , C. Sykes , L. J. Tacconi , K. R. W. Tristram , S. Uysal , S. von Fellenberg , F. Widmann , E. Wieprecht , E. Wiezorrek , J. Woillez , S. Yazici , G. Zins

The GRAVITY Coud\'e Infrared Adaptive Optics (CIAO) system for the VLT Interferometer

GRAVITY is a second generation instrument for the VLT Interferometer, designed to enhance the near-infrared astrometric and spectro-imaging capabilities of VLTI. Combining beams from four telescopes, GRAVITY will provide an astrometric…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-05 Sarah Kendrew , Stefan Hippler , Wolfgang Brandner , Yann Clénet , Casey Deen , Eric Gendron , Armin Huber , Ralf Klein , Werner Laun , Rainer Lenzen , Vianak Naranjo , Udo Neumann , José Ramos , Ralf-Rainer Rohloff , Pengqian Yang , Frank Eisenhauer , Enrico Fedrigo , Marcos Suarez-Valles , Antonio Amorim , Karine Perraut , Guy Perrin , Christian Straubmeier

Simplified model(s) of the GRAVITY+ adaptive optics system(s) for performance prediction

In the context of the GRAVITY+ upgrade, the adaptive optics (AO) systems of the GRAVITY interferometer are undergoing a major lifting. The current CILAS deformable mirrors (DM, 90 actuators) will be replaced by ALPAO kilo-DMs (43x43, 1432…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2024-10-14 Anthony Berdeu , Jean-Baptiste Le Bouquin , Guillaume Mella , Laurent Bourgès , Jean-Philippe Berger , Guillaume Bourdarot , Thibaut Paumard , Frank Eisenhauer , Christian Straubmeier , Paulo Garcia , Sebastian Hönig , Florentin Millour , Laura Kreidberg , Denis Defrère , Ferréol Soulez , Taro Shimizu

Infrared wavefront sensing for adaptive optics assisted Galactic Center observations with the VLT interferometer and GRAVITY: operation and results

This article describes the operation of the near-infrared wavefront sensing based Adaptive Optics (AO) system CIAO. The Coud\'e Infrared Adaptive Optics (CIAO) system is a central auxiliary component of the Very Large Telescope (VLT)…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2020-07-16 Stefan Hippler , Wolfgang Brandner , Silvia Scheithauer , Martin Kulas , Johana Panduro , Peter Bizenberger , Henry Bonnet , Casey Deen , Françoise Delplancke-Ströbele , Frank Eisenhauer , Gert Finger , Zoltan Hubert , Johann Kolb , Eric Müller , Laurent Pallanca , Julien Woillez , Gérard Zins , GRAVITY Collaboration

GRAVITY+ adaptive optics (GPAO) tests in Europe

We present in this proceeding the results of the test phase of the GRAVITY+ adaptive optics. This extreme AO will enable both high-dynamic range observations of faint companions (including exoplanets) thanks to a 40x40 sub-apertures…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-06-05 Florentin Millour , Guillaume Bourdarot , Jean-Baptiste Le Bouquin , Anthony Berdeu , Mathis Houllé , Philippe Berio , Thibaut Paumard , Denis Defrère , Paulo Garcia , Ferreol Soulez , Sebastian Hoenig , Fatmé Allouche , Martin Bachbucher , Christophe Bailet , Cyrille Blanchard , Olivier Boebion , Henri Bonnet , Amit Brara , Marcel Carbillet , Stephan Czempiel , Alain Delboulbé , Roderick Dembet , Clémence Edouard , Frank Eisenhauer , Halmut Feuchtgruber , Christoph Furchstsam , Stefan Gillessen , Armin Goldbrunner , Tiago Gomes , Carole Gouvret , Sylvain Guieu , Michael Hartl , Johannes Hartwig , Frank Haussmann , David Huber , Ihsan Ibn Taïeb , Johann Kolb , Stéphane Lagarde , Olivier Lai , James Leftley , Dieter Lutz , Yves Magnard , Hugo Nowacki , Sylvain Oberti , Thomas Ott , Christian Rau , Sylvie Robbe-Dubois , Jules Scigliuto , Franz Soller , Pavel Shchekaturov , Daniel Schuppe , Eric Stadler , Sinem Uysal , Felix Widmann , Ekherhard Wieprecht , Julien Woillez , Senol Yazici

The GRAVITY+ Project: Towards All-sky, Faint-Science, High-Contrast Near-Infrared Interferometry at the VLTI

The GRAVITY instrument has been revolutionary for near-infrared interferometry by pushing sensitivity and precision to previously unknown limits. With the upgrade of GRAVITY and the Very Large Telescope Interferometer (VLTI) in GRAVITY+,…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2023-07-12 GRAVITY+ Collaboration , : , Roberto Abuter , Patricio Alarcon , Fatme Allouche , Antonio Amorim , Christophe Bailet , Helen Bedigan , Anthony Berdeu , Jean-Philippe Berger , Philippe Berio , Azzurra Bigioli , Richard Blaho , Olivier Boebion , Marie-Lena Bolzer , Henri Bonnet , Guillaume Bourdarot , Pierre Bourget , Wolfgang Brandner , Cesar Cardenas , Ralf Conzelmann , Mauro Comin , Yann Clénet , Benjamin Courtney-Barrer , Yigit Dallilar , Ric Davies , Denis Defrère , Alain Delboulbé , Françoise Delplancke-Ströbele , Roderick Dembet , Tim de Zeeuw , Antonia Drescher , Andreas Eckart , Clemence Édouard , Frank Eisenhauer , Maximilian Fabricius , Helmut Feuchtgruber , Gert Finger , Natascha M. Förster Schreiber , Eloy Fuenteseca , Enrique Garcia , Paulo Garcia , Feng Gao , Eric Gendron , Reinhard Genzel , Juan Pablo Gil , Stefan Gillessen , Tiago Gomes , Frédéric Gonté , Carole Gouvret , Patricia Guajardo , Ivan Guidolin , Sylvain Guieu , Ronald Guzmann , Wolfgang Hackenberg , Nicolas Haddad , Michael Hartl , Xavier Haubois , Frank Haußmann , Gernot Heißel , Thomas Henning , Stefan Hippler , Sebastian Hönig , Matthew Horrobin , Norbert Hubin , Estelle Jacqmart , Laurent Jocou , Andreas Kaufer , Pierre Kervella , Jean-Paul Kirchbauer , Johan Kolb , Heidi Korhonen , Laura Kreidberg , Peter Krempl , Sylvestre Lacour , Stephane Lagarde , Olivier Lai , Vincent Lapeyrère , Romain Laugier , Jean-Baptiste Le Bouquin , James Leftley , Pierre Léna , Steffan Lewis , Dieter Lutz , Yves Magnard , Felix Mang , Aurelie Marcotto , Didier Maurel , Antoine Mérand , Florentin Millour , Nikhil More , Hugo Nowack , Matthias Nowak , Sylvain Oberti , Francisco Olivares , Thomas Ott , Laurent Pallanca , Thibaut Paumard , Karine Perraut , Guy Perrin , Romain Petrov , Oliver Pfuhl , Nicolas Pourré , Sebastian Rabien , Christian Rau , Miguel Riquelme , Sylvie Robbe-Dubois , Sylvain Rochat , Muhammad Salman , Malte Scherbarth , Markus Schöller , Joseph Schubert , Nicolas Schuhler , Jinyi Shangguan , Pavel Shchekaturov , Taro Shimizu , Silvia Scheithauer , Arnaud Sevin , Christian Soenke , Ferreol Soulez , Alain Spang , Eric Stadler , Christian Straubmeier , Eckhard Sturm , Calvin Sykes , Linda Tacconi , Helmut Tischer , Konrad Tristram , Frédéric Vincent , Sebastiano von Fellenberg , Sinem Uysal , Felix Widmann , Ekkehard Wieprecht , Erich Wiezorrek , Julien Woillez , Şenol Yazıcı , Gérard Zins

GRAVITY: The AO-Assisted, Two-Object Beam-Combiner Instrument

We present the proposal for the infrared adaptive optics (AO) assisted, two-object, high-throughput, multiple-beam-combiner GRAVITY for the VLTI. This instrument will be optimized for phase-referenced interferometric imaging and…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 F. Eisenhauer , G. Perrin , S. Rabien , A. Eckart , P. Lena , R. Genzel , R. Abuter , T. Paumard , W. Brandner

Estimation of the lateral mis-registrations of the GRAVITY + adaptive optics system

Context. The GRAVITY+ upgrade implies a complete renewal of its adaptive optics (AO) systems. Its complex design, featuring moving components between the deformable mirrors and the wavefront sensors, requires the monitoring and…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-07-11 Anthony Berdeu , H. Bonnet , J. -B. Le Bouquin , C. Édouard , T. Gomes , P. Shchekaturov , R. Dembet , T. Paumard , S. Oberti , J. Kolb , F. Millour , P. Berio , O. Lai , F. Eisenhauer , P. Garcia , C. Straubmeier , L. Kreidberg , S. Hönig , D. Defrère

An Ingot-like class of WaveFront Sensors for Laser Guide Stars

Full sky coverage Adaptive Optics on Extremely Large Telescopes requires the adoption of several Laser Guide Stars as references.With such large apertures, the apparent elongation of the beacons is absolutely significant.With few…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2024-07-31 Roberto Ragazzoni , Elisa Portaluri , Davide Greggio , Marco Dima , Carmelo Arcidiacono , Maria Bergomi , Simone Di Filippo , Tania Sofia Gomes Machado , Kalyan Kumar Radhakrishnan Santhakumari , Valentina Viotto , Federico Battaini , Elena Carolo , Simonetta Chinellato , Jacopo Farinato , Demetrio Magrin , Luca Marafatto , Gabriele Umbriaco , Daniele Vassallo

GRAVITY: The adaptive optics assisted, two object beam combiner for the VLTI

We present the adaptive optics assisted, near-infrared VLTI instrument - GRAVITY - for precision narrow-angle astrometry and interferometric phase referenced imaging of faint objects. Precision astrometry and phase-referenced…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-11 S. Gillessen , G. Perrin , W. Brandner , C. Straubmeier , F. Eisenhauer , S. Rabien , A. Eckart , P. Lena , R. Genzel , T. Paumard , S. Hippler

Opto-mechanical designs for the HARMONI Adaptive Optics systems

HARMONI is a visible and near-infrared integral field spectrograph equipped with two complementary adaptive optics systems, fully integrated within the instrument. A Single Conjugate AO (SCAO) system offers high performance for a limited…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2018-07-03 Kjetil Dohlen , Timothy Morris , Javier Piqueras Lopez , Ariadna Calcines-Rosario , Anne Costille , Marc Dubbeldam , Kacem El Hadi , Thierry Fusco , Marc Llored , Benoit Neichel , Sandrine Pascal , Jean-Francois Sauvage , Pascal Vola , Fraser Clarke , Hermine Schnetler , Ian Bryson , Niranjan Thatte

Demonstration of a next-generation wavefront actuator for gravitational-wave detection

In the last decade, the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) and the European Virgo observatory have opened a new observational window on the universe. These cavity-enhanced laser interferometers sense spacetime…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-09-11 Tyler Rosauer , Huy Tuong Cao , Mohak Bhattacharya , Peter Carney , Luke Johnson , Shane Levin , Cynthia Liang , Xuesi Ma , Luis Martin Gutierrez , Michael Padilla , Liu Tao , Aiden Wilkin , Aidan Brooks , Jonathan W. Richardson

GRAVITY: a four-telescope beam combiner instrument for the VLTI

GRAVITY is an adaptive optics assisted Beam Combiner for the second generation VLTI instrumentation. The instrument will provide high-precision narrow-angle astrometry and phase-referenced interferometric imaging in the astronomical K-band…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-19 S. Gillessen , F. Eisenhauer , G. Perrin , W. Brandner , C. Straubmeier , K. Perraut , A. Amorim , M. Schöller , C. Araujo-Hauck , H. Bartko , H. Baumeister , J. -P. Berger , P. Carvas , F. Cassaing , F. Chapron , E. Choquet , Y. Clenet , C. Collin , A. Eckart , P. Fedou , S. Fischer , E. Gendron , R. Genzel , P. Gitton , F. Gonte , A. Gräter , P. Haguenauer , M. Haug , X. Haubois , T. Henning , S. Hippler , R. Hofmann , L. Jocou , S. Kellner , P. Kervella , R. Klein , N. Kudryavtseva , S. Lacour , V. Lapeyrere , W. Laun , P. Lena , R. Lenzen , J. Lima , D. Moch , D. Moratschke , T. Moulin , V. Naranjo , U. Neumann , A. Nolot , T. Paumard , O. Pfuhl , S. Rabien , J. Ramos , J. M. Rees , R. -R. Rohloff , D. Rouan , G. Rousset , A. Sevin , M. Thiel , K. Wagner , M. Wiest , S. Yazici , D. Ziegler

Ground-layer wavefront reconstruction from multiple natural guide stars

Observational tests of ground layer wavefront recovery have been made in open loop using a constellation of four natural guide stars at the 1.55 m Kuiper telescope in Arizona. Such tests explore the effectiveness of wide-field seeing…

Astrophysics · Physics 2011-02-11 Christoph Baranec , Michael Lloyd-Hart , N. Mark Milton

First Light for GRAVITY Wide: Large Separation Fringe Tracking for the Very Large Telescope Interferometer

GRAVITY+ is the upgrade of GRAVITY and the Very Large Telescope Interferometer (VLTI) with wide-separation fringe tracking, new adaptive optics, and laser guide stars on all four 8~m Unit Telescopes (UTs), for ever fainter, all-sky, high…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2022-09-14 GRAVITY+ Collaboration , : , R. Abuter , F. Allouche , A. Amorim , C. Bailet , M. Bauböck , J. -P. Berger , P. Berio , A. Bigioli , O. Boebion , M. L. Bolzer , H. Bonnet , G. Bourdarot , P. Bourget , W. Brandner , Y. Clénet , B. Courtney-Barrer , Y. Dallilar , R. Davies , D. Defrère , A. Delboulbé , F. Delplancke , R. Dembet , P. T. de Zeeuw , A. Drescher , A. Eckart , C. Édouard , F. Eisenhauer , M. Fabricius , H. Feuchtgruber , G. Finger , N. M. Förster Schreiber , E. Garcia , P. Garcia , F. Gao , E. Gendron , R. Genzel , J. P. Gil , S. Gillessen , T. Gomes , F. Gonté , C. Gouvret , P. Guajardo , S. Guieu , M. Hartl , X. Haubois , F. Haußmann , G. Heißel , Th. Henning , S. Hippler , S. Hönig , M. Horrobin , N. Hubin , E. Jacqmart , L. Jochum , L. Jocou , A. Kaufer , P. Kervella , H. Korhonen , L. Kreidberg , S. Lacour , S. Lagarde , O. Lai , V. Lapeyrère , R. Laugier , J. -B. Le Bouquin , J. Leftley , P. Léna , D. Lutz , F. Mang , A. Marcotto , D. Maurel , A. Mérand , F. Millour , N. More , H. Nowacki , M. Nowak , S. Oberti , T. Ott , L. Pallanca , T. Paumard , K. Perraut , G. Perrin , R. Petrov , O. Pfuhl , N. Pourré , S. Rabien , C. Rau , S. Robbe-Dubois , S. Rochat , M. Salman , M. Schöller , J. Schubert , N. Schuhler , J. Shangguan , T. Shimizu , S. Scheithauer , A. Sevin , F. Soulez , A. Spang , E. Stadler , J. Stadler , C. Straubmeier , E. Sturm , L. J. Tacconi , K. R. W. Tristram , F. Vincent , S. von Fellenberg , S. Uysal , F. Widmann , E. Wieprecht , E. Wiezorrek , J. Woillez , S. Yazici , A. Young , G. Zins

The 2nd Generation VLTI path to performance

The upgrade of the VLTI infrastructure for the 2nd generation instruments is now complete with the transformation of the laboratory, and installation of star separators on both the 1.8-m Auxiliary Telescopes (ATs) and the 8-m Unit…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2016-08-25 Julien Woillez , Jaime Alonso , Jean-Philippe Berger , Henri Bonnet , Willem-Jan de Wit , Sebastian Egner , Frank Eisenhauer , Frédéric Gonté , Sylvain Guieu , Pierre Haguenauer , Antoine Mérand , Lorenzo Pettazzi , Sébastien Poupar , Markus Schöller , Nicolas Schuhler

Increasing the sensitivity of a Shack-Hartmann sensor

The Max-Planck institutes for astronomy (MPIA) and for extraterrestrial physics (MPE) run an adaptive optics (AO) system with a laser guide star at the 3.5 m telescope on Calar Alto, Spain. This system, called ALFA, produces now scientific…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2016-07-20 Markus Kasper , Douglas Looze , Stefan Hippler , Ric Davies , Andreas Glindemann

MAORY: A Multi-conjugate Adaptive Optics RelaY for ELT

MAORY is the adaptive optics module for ELT providing two gravity invariant ports with the same optical quality for two different client instruments. It enable high angular resolution observations in the near infrared over a large field of…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2021-03-23 Paolo Ciliegi , Guido Agapito , Matteo Aliverti , Francesca Annibali , Carmelo Arcidiacono , Andrea Balestra , Andrea Baruffolo , Maria Bergomi , Andrea Bianco , Marco Bonaglia , Lorenzo Busoni , Michele Cantiello , Enrico Cascone , Gael Chauvin , Simonetta Chinellato , Vincenzo Cianniello , Jean Jacques Correira , Giuseppe Cosentino , Massimo Dall'Ora , Vincenzo De Caprio , Nicholas Devaney , Ivan Di Antonio , Amico Di Cianno , Ugo Di Giammatteo , Valentina D'Orazi , Gianluca Di Rico , Mauro Dolci , Sylvain Doutè , Cristian Eredia , Jacopo Farinato , Simone Esposito , Daniela Fantinel , Philippe Feautrier , Italo Foppiani , Enrico Giro , Laurance Gluck , Aaron Golden , Alexander Goncharov , Paolo Grani , Marco Gullieuszik , Pierre Haguenauer , Francois Hénault , Zoltan Hubert , Miska Le Louarn , Demetrio Magrin , Elisabetta Maiorano , Filippo Mannucci , Deborah Malone , Luca Marafatto , Estelle Moraux , Matteo Munari , Sylvan Oberti , Giorgio Pariani , Lorenzo Pettazzi , Cedric Plantet , Linda Podio , Elisa Portaluri , Alfio Puglisi , Roberto Ragazzoni , Andrew Rakich , Patrick Rebaut , Edoardo Redaelli , Matt Redman , Marco Riva , Sylvain Rochat , Gabriele Rodeghiero , Bernardo Salasnich , Paolo Saracco , Rosanna Sordo , Marilena Spavone , Marie-Helene Sztefek , Angelo Valentini , Eros Vanzella , Christophe Verinaud , Marco Xompero , Simone Zaggia

Near-infrared wavefront sensing for the VLT interferometer

The very large telescope (VLT) interferometer (VLTI) in its current operating state is equipped with high-order adaptive optics (MACAO) working in the visible spectrum. A low-order near-infrared wavefront sensor (IRIS) is available to…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Stefan Hippler , Wolfgang Brandner , Yann Clénet , Felix Hormuth , Eric Gendron , Thomas Henning , Ralf Klein , Rainer Lenzen , Daniel Meschke , Vianak Naranjo , Udo Neumann , José Ricardo Ramos , Ralf-Rainer Rohloff , Frank Eisenhauer

Efficient wavefront sensing for space-based adaptive optics

Future large space telescopes will be equipped with adaptive optics (AO) to overcome wavefront aberrations and achieve high contrast for imaging faint astronomical objects, such as earth-like exoplanets and debris disks. In contrast to AO…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2020-01-07 He Sun , N. Jeremy Kasdin , Robert Vanderbei