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In recent years, there has been a growing focus on fairness and inclusivity within speech technology, particularly in areas such as automatic speech recognition and speech sentiment analysis. When audio is transcoded prior to processing, as…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Kemal Altwlkany , Amar Kuric , Emanuel Lacic

Over the past few decades, computational methods have been developed to estimate perceptual audio quality. These methods, also referred to as objective quality measures, are usually developed and intended for a specific application domain.…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-10-25 Matteo Torcoli , Thorsten Kastner , Jürgen Herre

Neural audio coding has been shown to outperform classical audio coding at extremely low bitrates. However, the practical application of neural audio codecs is still limited by their elevated complexity. To address this challenge, we have…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-20 Jiawei Jiang , Linping Xu , Dejun Zhang , Qingbo Huang , Xianjun Xia , Yijian Xiao

The development of audio foundation models has accelerated rapidly since the emergence of GPT-4o. However, the lack of comprehensive evaluation has become a critical bottleneck for further progress in the field, particularly in audio…

Neural audio codecs have gained recent popularity for their use in generative modeling as they offer high-fidelity audio reconstruction at low bitrates. While human listening studies remain the gold standard for assessing perceptual…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Luca A. Lanzendörfer , Florian Grötschla

Automated audio captioning aims to use natural language to describe the content of audio data. This paper presents an audio captioning system with an encoder-decoder architecture, where the decoder predicts words based on audio features…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-08-06 Xinhao Mei , Qiushi Huang , Xubo Liu , Gengyun Chen , Jingqian Wu , Yusong Wu , Jinzheng Zhao , Shengchen Li , Tom Ko , H Lilian Tang , Xi Shao , Mark D. Plumbley , Wenwu Wang

With increasing quality requirements for multimedia communications, audio codecs must maintain both high quality and low delay. Typically, audio codecs offer either low delay or high quality, but rarely both. We propose a codec that…

Neural audio codecs (NACs) achieve low-bitrate compression by learning compact audio representations, which can also serve as features for perceptual quality evaluation. We introduce DACe, an enhanced, higher-fidelity version of the…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-23 Arijit Biswas , Lars Villemoes

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have been widely applied in speech and music. This tendency has led to a focus on audio tokenization for Large Models (LMs). Unlike semantic-only text tokens, audio tokens must both capture global…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-09-05 Lu Wang , Hao Chen , Siyu Wu , Zhiyue Wu , Hao Zhou , Chengfeng Zhang , Ting Wang , Haodi Zhang

We present BigCodec, a low-bitrate neural speech codec. While recent neural speech codecs have shown impressive progress, their performance significantly deteriorates at low bitrates (around 1 kbps). Although a low bitrate inherently…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-10 Detai Xin , Xu Tan , Shinnosuke Takamichi , Hiroshi Saruwatari

The quality of the speech communication systems, which include noise suppression algorithms, are typically evaluated in laboratory experiments according to the ITU-T Rec. P.835, in which participants rate background noise, speech signal,…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-04-19 Babak Naderi , Ross Cutler

Singing voices contain much richer information than common voices, including varied vocal and acoustic properties. However, current open-source audio-text datasets for singing voices capture only a narrow range of attributes and lack…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Hyunjong Ok , Jaeho Lee

Neural speech codecs have demonstrated their ability to compress high-quality speech and audio by converting them into discrete token representations. Most existing methods utilize Residual Vector Quantization (RVQ) to encode speech into…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Peiji Yang , Fengping Wang , Yicheng Zhong , Huawei Wei , Zhisheng Wang

Open generative models are vitally important for the community, allowing for fine-tunes and serving as baselines when presenting new models. However, most current text-to-audio models are private and not accessible for artists and…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-08-01 Zach Evans , Julian D. Parker , CJ Carr , Zack Zukowski , Josiah Taylor , Jordi Pons

The voice mode of the Opus audio coder can compress wideband speech at bit rates ranging from 6 kb/s to 40 kb/s. However, Opus is at its core a waveform matching coder, and as the rate drops below 10 kb/s, quality degrades quickly. As the…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-08-11 Jan Skoglund , Jean-Marc Valin

The quality of acoustic echo cancellers (AECs) in real-time communication systems is typically evaluated using objective metrics like ERLE and PESQ, and less commonly with lab-based subjective tests like ITU-T Rec. P.831. We will show that…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-03-01 Ross Cutler , Babak Naderi , Markus Loide , Sten Sootla , Ando Saabas

We introduce OpenVoice, a versatile voice cloning approach that requires only a short audio clip from the reference speaker to replicate their voice and generate speech in multiple languages. OpenVoice represents a significant advancement…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Zengyi Qin , Wenliang Zhao , Xumin Yu , Xin Sun

The advent of neural audio codecs has increased in popularity due to their potential for efficiently modeling audio with transformers. Such advanced codecs represent audio from a highly continuous waveform to low-sampled discrete units. In…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-19 Samir Sadok , Julien Hauret , Éric Bavu

The IETF recently standardized the Opus codec as RFC6716. Opus targets a wide range of real-time Internet applications by combining a linear prediction coder with a transform coder. We describe the transform coder, with particular attention…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2016-02-18 Jean-Marc Valin , Gregory Maxwell , Timothy B. Terriberry , Koen Vos

Audio coding is an essential module in the real-time communication system. Neural audio codecs can compress audio samples with a low bitrate due to the strong modeling and generative capabilities of deep neural networks. To address the poor…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-10-18 Wenzhe Liu , Wei Xiao , Meng Wang , Shan Yang , Yupeng Shi , Yuyong Kang , Dan Su , Shidong Shang , Dong Yu