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This paper introduces a discrete diffusion model (DDM) framework for text-aligned speech tokenization and reconstruction. By replacing the auto-regressive speech decoder with a discrete diffusion counterpart, our model achieves…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-25 Pin-Jui Ku , He Huang , Jean-Marie Lemercier , Subham Sekhar Sahoo , Zhehuai Chen , Ante Jukić

While generative diffusion models excel in producing high-quality images, they can also be misused to mimic authorized images, posing a significant threat to AI systems. Efforts have been made to add calibrated perturbations to protect…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Haotian Xue , Chumeng Liang , Xiaoyu Wu , Yongxin Chen

This paper addresses the challenge of generating adversarial image using a diffusion model to deceive multimodal large language models (MLLMs) into generating the targeted responses, while avoiding significant distortion of the clean image.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Chengwei Xia , Fan Ma , Ruijie Quan , Kun Zhan , Yi Yang

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have been shown to be vulnerable to adversarial examples. While numerous successful adversarial attacks have been proposed, defenses against these attacks remain relatively understudied. Existing defense…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Furkan Mumcu , Yasin Yilmaz

Every day we share our personal information through digital systems which are constantly exposed to threats. For this reason, security-oriented disciplines of signal processing have received increasing attention in the last decades:…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Kassem Kallas

Nowadays, autonomous driving has attracted much attention from both industry and academia. Convolutional neural network (CNN) is a key component in autonomous driving, which is also increasingly adopted in pervasive computing such as…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-02-07 Yao Deng , Xi Zheng , Tianyi Zhang , Chen Chen , Guannan Lou , Miryung Kim

Deep learning models are vulnerable to adversarial examples, which poses an indisputable threat to their applications. However, recent studies observe gradient-masking defenses are self-deceiving methods if an attacker can realize this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-02-19 Yueyao Yu , Pengfei Yu , Wenye Li

Despite the enormous performance of deepneural networks (DNNs), recent studies have shown theirvulnerability to adversarial examples (AEs), i.e., care-fully perturbed inputs designed to fool the targetedDNN. Currently, the literature is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-07-14 Anouar Kherchouche , Sid Ahmed Fezza , Wassim Hamidouche

Adversarial purification refers to a class of defense methods that remove adversarial perturbations using a generative model. These methods do not make assumptions on the form of attack and the classification model, and thus can defend…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-17 Weili Nie , Brandon Guo , Yujia Huang , Chaowei Xiao , Arash Vahdat , Anima Anandkumar

End-to-end models for robust automatic speech recognition (ASR) have not been sufficiently well-explored in prior work. With end-to-end models, one could choose to preprocess the input speech using speech enhancement techniques and train…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-02-15 Archiki Prasad , Preethi Jyothi , Rajbabu Velmurugan

Machine learning has been adopted for efficient cooperative spectrum sensing. However, it incurs an additional security risk due to attacks leveraging adversarial machine learning to create malicious spectrum sensing values to deceive the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-02-15 Wenwei Zhao , Xiaowen Li , Shangqing Zhao , Jie Xu , Yao Liu , Zhuo Lu

Denoising diffusion models have shown remarkable potential in various generation tasks. The open-source large-scale text-to-image model, Stable Diffusion, becomes prevalent as it can generate realistic artistic or facial images with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-09 Ruijia Wu , Yuhang Wang , Huafeng Shi , Zhipeng Yu , Yichao Wu , Ding Liang

Semantic communication enhances transmission efficiency by conveying semantic information rather than raw input symbol sequences. Task-oriented semantic communication is a variant that tries to retains only task-specific information, thus…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Xuesong Wang , Mo Li , Xingyan Shi , Zhaoqian Liu , Shenghao Yang

Deep learning-based automatic modulation classification (AMC) models are susceptible to adversarial attacks. Such attacks inject specifically crafted wireless interference into transmitted signals to induce erroneous classification…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-09-17 Rajeev Sahay , Christopher G. Brinton , David J. Love

Diffusion models (DMs) are regarded as one of the most advanced generative models today, yet recent studies suggest that they are vulnerable to backdoor attacks, which establish hidden associations between particular input patterns and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-08-23 Jiang Hao , Xiao Jin , Hu Xiaoguang , Chen Tianyou , Zhao Jiajia

Automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems are vulnerable to audio adversarial examples that attempt to deceive ASR systems by adding perturbations to benign speech signals. Although an adversarial example and the original benign wave are…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-12-14 Namgyu Park , Sangwoo Ji , Jong Kim

Recently Diffusion-based Purification (DiffPure) has been recognized as an effective defense method against adversarial examples. However, we find DiffPure which directly employs the original pre-trained diffusion models for adversarial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-20 Xiao Li , Wenxuan Sun , Huanran Chen , Qiongxiu Li , Yining Liu , Yingzhe He , Jie Shi , Xiaolin Hu

Spoken question answering (SQA) is challenging due to complex reasoning on top of the spoken documents. The recent studies have also shown the catastrophic impact of automatic speech recognition (ASR) errors on SQA. Therefore, this work…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-04-18 Chia-Hsuan Lee , Yun-Nung Chen , Hung-Yi Lee

This work presents an end-to-end pipeline for generating, refining, and evaluating adversarial patches to compromise facial biometric systems, with applications in forensic analysis and security testing. We utilize FGSM to generate…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Shahrzad Sayyafzadeh , Hongmei Chi , Shonda Bernadin

In recent years, deep learning (DL) models have achieved significant progress in many domains, such as autonomous driving, facial recognition, and speech recognition. However, the vulnerability of deep learning models to adversarial attacks…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-04-19 Feng Guo , Zheng Sun , Yuxuan Chen , Lei Ju
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