Related papers: General Dynamics and Generation Mapping for Collat…

An operational approach to the Collatz Conjecture is presented. Scenarios are defined as strings of characters "s" (for "spike") and "d" (for "down") which symbolize the Collatz operations (3m+1)/2 and m/2 in a Collatz Series connecting two…

We intend to contribute to the Collatz dynamics problem by seeking to analyze the Collatz conjecture from the tree of numbers sequences. First, we show numerically that the distribution of odd numbers has an initial transient, and proceeds…

It is well known that the following Collatz Conjecture is one of the unsolved problems in mathematics. Collatz Conjecture: For any positive integer $n>1$, the following recursive algorithm will convergent to 1 by a finite number of steps.…

The Collatz Conjecture (also known as the 3x+1 Problem) proposes that the following algorithm will, after a certain number of iterations, always yield the number 1: given a natural number, multiply by three and add one if the number is odd,…

Let $q$ be an odd prime, and let $T_{q}:\mathbb{Z}\rightarrow\mathbb{Z}$ be the Shortened $qx+1$ map, defined by $T_{q}\left(n\right)=n/2$ if $n$ is even and $T_{q}\left(n\right)=\left(qn+1\right)/2$ if $n$ is odd. The study of the dynamics…

The purpose of this paper is to show three general formulas of three global characteristic coefficients of Collatz function. The Collatz function is defined by the following operation on an arbitrary positive integer if N is odd multiply it…

The famous (3n + 1) or Collatz conjecture has admitted some progress over the last several decades towards the conclusion that the conjecture is true (i.e. that all Collatz sequences will eventually reach a value of one), but has stubbornly…

For the OEIS sequence A176677, defined by the quadratic convolution recurrence $a(0) = a(1) = 1$ and $a(n+1) = \sum_{p=0}^n a(p) a(n-p) - 1$ for $n \ge 1$, R.~J.~Mathar contributed in March 2016 the conjectured order-4 P-recursive…

Let $F$ be a field of characteristic zero. We prove that if a group grading on $UT_m(F)$ admits a graded involution then this grading is a coarsening of a $\mathbb{Z}^{\lfloor\frac{m}{2}\rfloor}$-grading on $UT_m(F)$ and the graded…

The 3n+1, or Collatz problem, is one of the hardest math problems, yet still unsolved. The Collatz conjecture is to prove or disprove that the Collatz sequences COL(n) always eventually reach the number of 1, for all n belongs to N+ (all…

We introduce a full binary directed tree structure to represent the set of natural numbers, further categorizing them into three distinct subsets: pure odd numbers, pure even numbers, and mixed numbers. We adopt a binary string…

In the Collatz 3x+1 problem, there are 3 possibilities: Starting from any positive number, we either reach the trivial loop (1,4,2), end up in a non-trivial loop, or go until infinity. In this paper, we shall show that if a non-trivial loop…

Exploring the Collatz Conjecture and changing the expression from 3n + 1 to 5n + 1, we found patterns in different sets of numbers. Some numbers reduce to one (as stated in the Collatz Conjecture), some might escape to infinity, and some…

In this paper we show the probabilistic convergence of the original Collatz (3n + 1) (or Hotpo) sequence to unity. A generalized form of the Collatz sequence (GCS) is proposed subsequently. Unlike Hotpo, an instance of a GCS can converge to…

Andrei et al. have shown in 2000 that the graph $\boldsymbol{\mathrm{C}}$ of the Collatz function starting with root $8$ after the initial loop is an infinite binary tree $\boldsymbol{A}(8)$. According to their result they gave a…

The Collatz map (or the $3n{+}1$-map) $f$ is defined on positive integers by setting $f(n)$ equal to $3n+1$ when $n$ is odd and $n/2$ when $n$ is even. The Collatz conjecture states that starting from any positive integer $n$, some iterate…

This study analyzes the Collatz map through nonlinear dynamics. By embedding integers in Sharkovsky's ordering, we show that odd initial values suffice for full dynamical characterization. We introduce ``direction phases'' to partition…

We investigate the problems related to the Collatz map $T$ from the point of view of functional analysis. We associate with $T$ certain linear operator $\mathcal{T}$ and show that cycles and (hypothetical) diverging trajectory (generated by…

Let $\sigma_n=\lfloor1+n\cdot\log_23\rfloor$. For the Collatz 3x + 1 function exists for each $n\in\mathbb{N}$ a set of different residue classes $(\text{mod}\ 2^{\sigma_n})$ of starting numbers $s$ with finite stopping time…

We here elaborate on a quantitative argument to support the validity of the Collatz conjecture, also known as the (3x + 1) or Syracuse conjecture. The analysis is structured as follows. First, three distinct fixed points are found for the…