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Pulse profile modelling is a relativistic ray-tracing technique that has provided constraints on parameters, with a focus on mass and radius, of five rotation-powered millisecond pulsars. While the technique can also be applied to…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-01-23 Bas Dorsman , Tuomo Salmi , Anna L. Watts , Mason Ng , Anna Bobrikova , Vladislav Loktev , Juri Poutanen , Joern Wilms

Pulse Profile Modeling (PPM), the technique used to infer mass, radius and geometric parameters for rotation-powered millisecond pulsars using data from the Neutron Star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER), relies on relativistic…

We present an analysis of polarized X-ray pulses based on simulated data for accreting millisecond pulsars (AMPs). We used the open-source X-ray Pulse Simulation and Inference code (previously applied to NICER observations), which we…

Pulse profile modelling via relativistic ray-tracing can constrain the system parameters of neutron stars, notably their mass and radius. Among these objects, accreting millisecond pulsars (AMPs) are promising targets, because they are…

Pulse-profile modeling (PPM) of thermal X-ray emission from rotation-powered millisecond pulsars enables simultaneous constraints on the mass $M$, radius $R$, and hence the equation of state of cold, dense matter. However, Bayesian PPM has…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-05-13 Tianzhe Zhou , Chun Huang

Pulse profile modelling using X-ray data from NICER permits the inference of mass and radius for rotation-powered millisecond pulsars. This in turn constrains the equation of state of cold dense matter. Previous studies indicate that the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-04-02 Erik Bootsma , Serena Vinciguerra , Anna L. Watts , Yves Kini , Tuomo Salmi

Pulse-profile modeling of rotation-powered millisecond pulsars targeted by NICER has enabled mass--radius constraints of several neutron star sources, with implications for the dense-matter equation of state. For the bright isolated pulsar…

Modeling energy-dependent X-ray pulse profiles from rotation-powered millisecond pulsars observed with NICER has emerged as a promising avenue for measuring neutron star radii and probing the equation of state of cold, ultra-dense matter.…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-01-06 Tolga Guver , Dimitrios Psaltis , Feryal Ozel , Tong Zhao

Pulse profiles of accreting millisecond pulsars can be used to determine neutron star (NS) parameters, such as their masses and radii, and therefore provide constraints on the equation of state of cold dense matter. Information obtained by…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-10-18 Anna Bobrikova , Vladislav Loktev , Tuomo Salmi , Juri Poutanen

One very promising technique for measuring the dense matter Equation of State exploits hotspots that form on the neutron star surface due to the pulsar mechanism, accretion streams, or during thermonuclear explosions in the neutron star…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-09-04 Anna L. Watts

Modeling of X-ray pulse profiles from millisecond pulsars offers a promising method of inferring the mass-to-radius ratios of neutron stars. Recent observations with NICER resulted in measurements of radii for three neutron stars using this…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-12-18 Tong Zhao , Dimitrios Psaltis , Feryal Ozel , Elif Beklen

We report on Bayesian parameter estimation of the mass and equatorial radius of the millisecond pulsar PSR J0030$+$0451, conditional on pulse-profile modeling of Neutron Star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) X-ray spectral-timing event…

We describe the X-ray pulse profile models we use, and how we use them, to analyze Neutron Star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) observations of rotation-powered millisecond pulsars to obtain information about the mass-radius relation…

Abridged) We model the X-ray properties of millisecond pulsars (MSPs) by considering hot spot emission from a weakly magnetized rotating neutron star (NS) covered by an optically-thick hydrogen atmosphere. We investigate the limitations of…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Slavko Bogdanov , Jonathan E. Grindlay , George B. Rybicki

Thermal X-ray emission from rotation-powered millisecond pulsars, shaped by gravitational lensing and the beaming of the surface radiation, provides critical insights into neutron star properties. This approach has been the focus of…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-07-31 Tong Zhao , Dimitrios Psaltis , Feryal Ozel

Pulse profile modelling (PPM) is a comprehensive relativistic ray-tracing technique employed to determine the properties of neutron stars. In this study, we apply this technique to the Type I X-ray burster and accretion-powered millisecond…

The pulsed X-ray emission from the neutron star surface acts as a window to study the state of matter in the neutron star interior. For accreting millisecond pulsars, the surface X-ray emission is generated from the `hotspots' formed due to…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-05-20 Pushpita Das , Tuomo Salmi , Jordy Davelaar , Oliver Porth , Anna Watts

The hotspot emission of accreting millisecond pulsars (AMPs) undergoes scattering in the accretion flow between the disk inner radius and the neutron star surface. The scattering optical depth of the flow depends on the photon emission…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-12-14 Varpu Ahlberg , Juri Poutanen , Tuomo Salmi

In the last few years, NICER data has enabled mass and radius inferences for various pulsars, and thus shed light on the equation of state for dense nuclear matter. This is achieved through a technique called pulse profile modeling. The…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-03-25 Mariska Hoogkamer , Yves Kini , Tuomo Salmi , Anna L. Watts , Johannes Buchner
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