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In security-sensitive applications, the success of machine learning depends on a thorough vetting of their resistance to adversarial data. In one pertinent, well-motivated attack scenario, an adversary may attempt to evade a deployed system…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-08-22 Battista Biggio , Igino Corona , Davide Maiorca , Blaine Nelson , Nedim Srndic , Pavel Laskov , Giorgio Giacinto , Fabio Roli

Identification of cyber threats is one of the essential tasks for security teams. Currently, cyber threats can be identified using knowledge organized into various formats, enumerations, and knowledge bases. This paper studies the current…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-06-30 Lukáš Sadlek , Pavel Čeleda , Daniel Tovarňák

Cyber threat intelligence (CTI) is being used to search for indicators of attacks that might have compromised an enterprise network for a long time without being discovered. To have a more effective analysis, CTI open standards have…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-10-02 Sadegh M. Milajerdi , Birhanu Eshete , Rigel Gjomemo , V. N. Venkatakrishnan

With the increased complexity of modern computer attacks, there is a need for defenders not only to detect malicious activity as it happens, but also to predict the specific steps that will be taken by an adversary when performing an…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-05-27 Yun Shen , Enrico Mariconti , Pierre-Antoine Vervier , Gianluca Stringhini

Investigating efficiently the data collected from a system's activity can help to detect malicious attempts and better understand the context behind past incident occurrences. Nowadays, several solutions can be used to monitor system…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-12-03 Inês Macedo , Sinan Wanous , Nuno Oliveira , Orlando Sousa , Isabel Praça

Machine learning has proved invaluable for a range of different tasks, yet it also proved vulnerable to evasion attacks, i.e., maliciously crafted perturbations of input data designed to force mispredictions. In this paper we propose a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-07 Stefano Calzavara , Pietro Ferrara , Claudio Lucchese

Developing intelligent, interoperable Cyber Threat Information (CTI) sharing technologies can help build strong defences against modern cyber threats. CTIs allow the community to share information about cybercriminals' threats and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-01-10 Alexandros Papanikolaou , Aggelos Alevizopoulos , Christos Ilioudis , Konstantinos Demertzis , Konstantinos Rantos

To cope with the increasing variability and sophistication of modern attacks, machine learning has been widely adopted as a statistically-sound tool for malware detection. However, its security against well-crafted attacks has not only been…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-05-01 Ambra Demontis , Marco Melis , Battista Biggio , Davide Maiorca , Daniel Arp , Konrad Rieck , Igino Corona , Giorgio Giacinto , Fabio Roli

Understanding the attack patterns associated with a cyberattack is crucial for comprehending the attacker's behaviors and implementing the right mitigation measures. However, majority of the information regarding new attacks is typically…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-02 Weiqiu You , Youngja Park

This paper presents a multidisciplinary approach to analyzing data from Telegram for early warning information regarding cyber threats. With the proliferation of hacktivist groups utilizing Telegram to disseminate information regarding…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Velizar Varbanov , Kalin Kopanov , Tatiana Atanasova

The rise of AI agent frameworks has introduced agent skills, modular packages containing instructions and executable code that dynamically extend agent capabilities. While this architecture enables powerful customization, skills execute…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Yi Liu , Weizhe Wang , Ruitao Feng , Yao Zhang , Guangquan Xu , Gelei Deng , Yuekang Li , Leo Zhang

Machine learning has become an important component for many systems and applications including computer vision, spam filtering, malware and network intrusion detection, among others. Despite the capabilities of machine learning algorithms…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-02-14 Andrea Paudice , Luis Muñoz-González , Andras Gyorgy , Emil C. Lupu

This paper presents a security paradigm for edge devices to defend against various internal and external threats. The first section of the manuscript proposes employing machine learning models to identify MQTT-based (Message Queue Telemetry…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Sahar L. Qaddoori , Qutaiba I. Ali

LLM agents with tool access can discover and exploit security vulnerabilities. This is known. What is not known is which features of a system prompt trigger this behaviour, and which do not. We present a systematic taxonomy based on…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Charafeddine Mouzouni

Automated cyber threat detection in computer networks is a major challenge in cybersecurity. The cyber domain has inherent challenges that make traditional machine learning techniques problematic, specifically the need to learn continually…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-04-29 Frank W. Bentrem , Michael A. Corsello , Joshua J. Palm

We propose using reinforcement learning to address the challenges of discovering microarchitectural vulnerabilities, such as Spectre and Meltdown, which exploit subtle interactions in modern processors. Traditional methods like random…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-21 M. Caner Tol , Kemal Derya , Berk Sunar

The effectiveness of network intrusion detection systems, predominantly based on machine learning, are highly influenced by the dataset they are trained on. Ensuring an accurate reflection of the multifaceted nature of benign and malicious…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-10-18 Dania Herzalla , Willian T. Lunardi , Martin Andreoni Lopez

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used for cybersecurity threat analysis, but their deployment in security-sensitive environments raises trust and safety concerns. With over 21,000 vulnerabilities disclosed in 2025, manual…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-04 Reza Fayyazi , Michael Zuzak , Shanchieh Jay Yang

Artificial intelligence systems are prevalent in everyday life, with use cases in retail, manufacturing, health, and many other fields. With the rise in AI adoption, associated risks have been identified, including privacy risks to the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-19 Shlomit Shachor , Natalia Razinkov , Abigail Goldsteen

Current text generation models are trained using real data which can potentially contain sensitive information, such as confidential patient information and the like. Under certain conditions output of the training data which they have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-01 Mariia Ignashina , Julia Ive