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Recent advancements in neural language modelling make it possible to rapidly generate vast amounts of human-sounding text. The capabilities of humans and automatic discriminators to detect machine-generated text have been a large source of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-11 Daphne Ippolito , Daniel Duckworth , Chris Callison-Burch , Douglas Eck

Existing tools to detect text generated by a large language model (LLM) have met with certain success, but their performance can drop when dealing with texts in new domains. To tackle this issue, we train a ranking classifier called…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-21 You Zhou , Jie Wang

The malicious use and widespread dissemination of AI-generated images pose a serious threat to the authenticity of digital content. Existing detection methods exploit low-level artifacts left by common manipulation steps within the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Fei Wu , Guanghao Ding , Zijian Niu , Zhenrui Wang , Lei Yang , Zhuosheng Zhang , Shilin Wang

Detecting text generated by modern large language models is thought to be hard, as both LLMs and humans can exhibit a wide range of complex behaviors. However, we find that a score based on contrasting two closely related language models is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Abhimanyu Hans , Avi Schwarzschild , Valeriia Cherepanova , Hamid Kazemi , Aniruddha Saha , Micah Goldblum , Jonas Geiping , Tom Goldstein

Large language models (LLMs) generate diverse, situated, persuasive texts from a plurality of potential perspectives, influenced heavily by their prompts and training data. As part of LLM adoption, we seek to characterize - and ideally,…

The rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs) has enabled the generation of coherent essays, making AI-assisted writing increasingly common in educational and professional settings. Using large-scale empirical data, we examine and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Yang Zhong , Jiangang Hao , Michael Fauss , Chen Li , Yuan Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used to generate pictures, texts, music, videos, and other works that have traditionally required human creativity. LLM-generated artifacts are often rated better than human-generated works in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Xenia Klinge , Stefan Ortlieb , Alexander Koller

In recent years, generative artificial intelligence models, represented by Large Language Models (LLMs) and Diffusion Models (DMs), have revolutionized content production methods. These artificial intelligence-generated content (AIGC) have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-06 Xiaomin Yu , Yezhaohui Wang , Yanfang Chen , Zhen Tao , Dinghao Xi , Shichao Song , Simin Niu , Zhiyu Li

The increasing prevalence of Large Language Models (LLMs) in content creation has made distinguishing human-written textual content from LLM-generated counterparts a critical task for multimedia moderation. Existing detectors often rely on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Siyuan Li , Aodu Wulianghai , Xi Lin , Xibin Yuan , Qinghua Mao , Guangyan Li , Xiang Chen , Jun Wu , Jianhua Li

Static benchmarks for harmful content detection face limitations in scalability and diversity, and may also be affected by contamination from web-scale pre-training corpora. To address these issues, we propose a framework for synthesizing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Huije Lee , Jisu Shin , Hoyun Song , Changgeon Ko , Jong C. Park

Detecting hate speech and offensive language is essential for maintaining a safe and respectful digital environment. This study examines the limitations of state-of-the-art large language models (LLMs) in identifying offensive content…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Yunze Xiao , Yujia Hu , Kenny Tsu Wei Choo , Roy Ka-wei Lee

We conduct a quantitative analysis contrasting human-written English news text with comparable large language model (LLM) output from six different LLMs that cover three different families and four sizes in total. Our analysis spans several…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Alberto Muñoz-Ortiz , Carlos Gómez-Rodríguez , David Vilares

Large-scale web-scraped text corpora used to train general-purpose AI models often contain harmful demographic-targeted social biases, creating a regulatory need for data auditing and developing scalable bias-detection methods. Although…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Ayan Majumdar , Feihao Chen , Jinghui Li , Xiaozhen Wang

Recent advances in image generation models have led to models that produce synthetic images that are increasingly difficult for standard AI detectors to identify, even though they often remain distinguishable by humans. To identify this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Pranav Sharma , Shivank Garg , Durga Toshniwal

The rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs) has resulted in increasingly sophisticated AI-generated content, posing significant challenges in distinguishing LLM-generated text from human-written language. Existing detection…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Siyuan Li , Xi Lin , Guangyan Li , Zehao Liu , Aodu Wulianghai , Li Ding , Jun Wu , Jianhua Li

Large language models (LLMs), in conjunction with various reasoning reinforcement methodologies, have demonstrated remarkable capabilities comparable to humans in fields such as mathematics, law, coding, common sense, and world knowledge.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-03-28 Chuwen Wang , Shirong Zeng , Cheng Wang

This paper introduces a framework for the automated evaluation of natural language texts. A manually constructed rubric describes how to assess multiple dimensions of interest. To evaluate a text, a large language model (LLM) is prompted…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Helia Hashemi , Jason Eisner , Corby Rosset , Benjamin Van Durme , Chris Kedzie

In this study, we propose a structured methodology that utilizes large language models (LLMs) in a cost-efficient and parsimonious manner, integrating the strengths of scholars and machines while offsetting their respective weaknesses. Our…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Navid Asgari , Benjamin M. Cole

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly being integrated into search engines to provide natural language responses tailored to user queries. Customers and end-users are also becoming more dependent on these models for quick and easy…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Aounon Kumar , Himabindu Lakkaraju

Large language models (LLMs) have reached human-like proficiency in generating diverse textual content, underscoring the necessity for effective fake text detection to avoid potential risks such as fake news in social media. Previous…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-21 Zhixin Lai , Xuesheng Zhang , Suiyao Chen