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Large language models have drawn significant attention to the challenge of safe alignment, especially regarding jailbreak attacks that circumvent security measures to produce harmful content. To address the limitations of existing methods…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Hanqing Liu , Lifeng Zhou , Huanqian Yan

Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate impressive zero-shot performance across a wide range of natural language processing tasks. Integrating various modality encoders further expands their capabilities, giving rise to Multimodal Large…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Hao Cheng , Erjia Xiao , Jing Shao , Yichi Wang , Le Yang , Chao Shen , Philip Torr , Jindong Gu , Renjing Xu

The wide adoption of Large Language Models (LLMs) has attracted significant attention from $\textit{jailbreak}$ attacks, where adversarial prompts crafted through optimization or manual design exploit LLMs to generate malicious contents.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Xurui Song , Zhixin Xie , Shuo Huai , Jiayi Kong , Jun Luo

Despite the implementation of safety alignment strategies, large language models (LLMs) remain vulnerable to jailbreak attacks, which undermine these safety guardrails and pose significant security threats. Some defenses have been proposed…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Shenyi Zhang , Yuchen Zhai , Keyan Guo , Hongxin Hu , Shengnan Guo , Zheng Fang , Lingchen Zhao , Chao Shen , Cong Wang , Qian Wang

Recent research indicates that large language models (LLMs) are susceptible to jailbreaking attacks that can generate harmful content. This paper introduces a novel token-level attack method, Adaptive Dense-to-Sparse Constrained…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-13 Kai Hu , Weichen Yu , Yining Li , Kai Chen , Tianjun Yao , Xiang Li , Wenhe Liu , Lijun Yu , Zhiqiang Shen , Matt Fredrikson

How should we evaluate the robustness of language model defenses? Current defenses against jailbreaks and prompt injections (which aim to prevent an attacker from eliciting harmful knowledge or remotely triggering malicious actions,…

In recent years, the security vulnerabilities of Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have become a serious concern in the Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) research. These highly intelligent models, capable of performing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Badhan Chandra Das , Md Tasnim Jawad , Joaquin Molto , M. Hadi Amini , Yanzhao Wu

Security concerns for large language models (LLMs) have recently escalated, focusing on thwarting jailbreaking attempts in discrete prompts. However, the exploration of jailbreak vulnerabilities arising from continuous embeddings has been…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-22 Zihao Xu , Yi Liu , Gelei Deng , Kailong Wang , Yuekang Li , Ling Shi , Stjepan Picek

While safety-aligned large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used as the cornerstone for powerful systems such as multi-agent frameworks to solve complex real-world problems, they still suffer from potential adversarial queries, such…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Miao Yu , Junfeng Fang , Yingjie Zhou , Xing Fan , Kun Wang , Shirui Pan , Qingsong Wen

We introduce new jailbreak attacks on vision language models (VLMs), which use aligned LLMs and are resilient to text-only jailbreak attacks. Specifically, we develop cross-modality attacks on alignment where we pair adversarial images…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-10-12 Erfan Shayegani , Yue Dong , Nael Abu-Ghazaleh

Jailbreaking attacks can effectively induce unsafe behaviors in Large Language Models (LLMs); however, the transferability of these attacks across different models remains limited. This study aims to understand and enhance the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Junxiao Yang , Zhexin Zhang , Shiyao Cui , Hongning Wang , Minlie Huang

With the widespread adoption of Large Language Models (LLMs), jailbreak attacks have become an increasingly pressing safety concern. While safety-aligned LLMs can effectively defend against normal harmful queries, they remain vulnerable to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-21 Yu Li , Han Jiang , Zhihua Wei

The inherent risk of generating harmful and unsafe content by Large Language Models (LLMs), has highlighted the need for their safety alignment. Various techniques like supervised fine-tuning, reinforcement learning from human feedback, and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Kalyan Nakka , Nitesh Saxena

Caution: This paper includes offensive words that could potentially cause unpleasantness. Language models (LMs) are vulnerable to exploitation for adversarial misuse. Training LMs for safety alignment is extensive and makes it hard to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-28 Heegyu Kim , Sehyun Yuk , Hyunsouk Cho

Large Language Models (LLMs) suffer from a range of vulnerabilities that allow malicious users to solicit undesirable responses through manipulation of the input text. These so-called jailbreak prompts are designed to trick the LLM into…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-13 John Hawkins , Aditya Pramar , Rodney Beard , Rohitash Chandra

Multi-Agent Debate (MAD), leveraging collaborative interactions among Large Language Models (LLMs), aim to enhance reasoning capabilities in complex tasks. However, the security implications of their iterative dialogues and role-playing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-24 Senmao Qi , Yifei Zou , Peng Li , Ziyi Lin , Xiuzhen Cheng , Dongxiao Yu

Large language models (LLMs) have succeeded significantly in various applications but remain susceptible to adversarial jailbreaks that void their safety guardrails. Previous attempts to exploit these vulnerabilities often rely on high-cost…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-02 Xuan Li , Zhanke Zhou , Jianing Zhu , Jiangchao Yao , Tongliang Liu , Bo Han

In recent years, Large Language Models (LLMs) have gained widespread use, raising concerns about their security. Traditional jailbreak attacks, which often rely on the model internal information or have limitations when exploring the unsafe…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Zhihao Lin , Wei Ma , Mingyi Zhou , Yanjie Zhao , Haoyu Wang , Yang Liu , Jun Wang , Li Li

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success across diverse applications but remain vulnerable to jailbreak attacks, where attackers craft prompts that bypass safety alignment and elicit unsafe responses. Among existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Zhi Xu , Jiaqi Li , Xiaotong Zhang , Hong Yu , Han Liu

Jailbreak attacks induce Large Language Models (LLMs) to generate harmful responses, posing severe misuse threats. Though research on jailbreak attacks and defenses is emerging, there is no consensus on evaluating jailbreaks, i.e., the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-05 Delong Ran , Jinyuan Liu , Yichen Gong , Jingyi Zheng , Xinlei He , Tianshuo Cong , Anyu Wang
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