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Increased adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) systems into scientific workflows will result in an increasing technical debt as the distance between the data scientists and engineers who develop AI system components and scientists,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-03-08 Iain Barclay , Harrison Taylor , Alun Preece , Ian Taylor , Dinesh Verma , Geeth de Mel

This paper investigates the prospect of developing human-interpretable, explainable artificial intelligence (AI) systems based on active inference and the free energy principle. We first provide a brief overview of active inference, and in…

Generative AI is spreading rapidly, creating significant social and economic value while also raising concerns about its high energy use and environmental sustainability. While prior studies have predominantly focused on the…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Min-Kyu Kim , Tae-An Yoo , Ji-Bum Chung

With the ever-growing adoption of AI-based systems, the carbon footprint of AI is no longer negligible. AI researchers and practitioners are therefore urged to hold themselves accountable for the carbon emissions of the AI models they…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-05-08 Roberto Verdecchia , June Sallou , Luís Cruz

Increasingly, laws are being proposed and passed by governments around the world to regulate Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems implemented into the public and private sectors. Many of these regulations address the transparency of AI…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2022-07-05 Andrew Bell , Oded Nov , Julia Stoyanovich

We argue that the phenomena of distributed responsibility, induced acceptance, and acceptance through ignorance constitute instances of imperfect delegation when tasks are delegated to computationally-driven systems. Imperfect delegation…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-05-05 Michele Loi , Matthias Spielkamp

In the past ten years, artificial intelligence has encountered such dramatic progress that it is now seen as a tool of choice to solve environmental issues and in the first place greenhouse gas emissions (GHG). At the same time the deep…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Anne-Laure Ligozat , Julien Lefèvre , Aurélie Bugeau , Jacques Combaz

Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly being adopted in most industries, and for applications such as note taking and checking grammar, there is typically not a cause for concern. However, when constitutional rights are involved, as…

Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques continue to broaden across governmental and public sectors, such as power and energy - which serve as critical infrastructures for most societal operations. However, due to the requirements of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-11-04 Erik Blasch , Haoran Li , Zhihao Ma , Yang Weng

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is rapidly becoming a foundational layer of social, economic, and cognitive infrastructure. At the same time, the training and large-scale deployment of AI systems rely on finite and unevenly distributed energy,…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Jon Crowcroft , Rute C. Sofia , Dirk Trossen , Vassilis Tsaoussidis

The skyrocketing demand for artificial intelligence (AI) has created an enormous appetite for globally deployed power-hungry servers. As a result, the environmental footprint of AI systems has come under increasing scrutiny. More crucially,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Mohammad Hajiesmaili , Shaolei Ren , Ramesh K. Sitaraman , Adam Wierman

The European Union's AI Act represents a crucial step towards regulating ethical and responsible AI systems. However, we find an absence of quantifiable fairness metrics and the ambiguity in terminology, particularly the interchangeable use…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Mike Teodorescu , Yongxu Sun , Haren N. Bhatia , Christos Makridis

As organizations face increasing pressure to understand their corporate and products' carbon footprints, artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted calculation systems for footprinting are proliferating, but with widely varying levels of rigor…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Shaena Ulissi , Andrew Dumit , P. James Joyce , Krishna Rao , Steven Watson , Sangwon Suh

Atmospheric sciences are crucial for understanding environmental phenomena ranging from air quality to extreme weather events, and climate change. Recent breakthroughs in sensing, communication, computing, and Artificial Intelligence (AI)…

Artificial intelligence (AI) is often presented as a key tool for addressing societal challenges, such as climate change. At the same time, AI's environmental footprint is expanding increasingly. This report describes the systemic…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Julian Schön , Lena Hoffmann , Nikolas Becker

Traditional electrical power grids have long suffered from operational unreliability, instability, inflexibility, and inefficiency. Smart grids (or smart energy systems) continue to transform the energy sector with emerging technologies,…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2022-12-16 Roba Alsaigh , Rashid Mehmood , Iyad Katib

Integration of AI into environmental regulation represents a significant advancement in data management. It offers promising results in both data protection plus algorithmic fairness. This research addresses the critical need for…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Sahibpreet Singh , Saksham Sharma

The rapid adoption of AI in Earth system science promises unprecedented speed and fidelity in the generation of climate information. However, this technological prowess rests on a fragile and unequal foundation: the current trajectory of AI…

The rapid advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has created unprecedented demands for computational power, yet methods for evaluating the performance, efficiency, and environmental impact of deployed models remain fragmented. Current…

Performance · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Hongyuan Liu , Xinyang Liu , Guosheng Hu

Accurate reporting of energy and carbon usage is essential for understanding the potential climate impacts of machine learning research. We introduce a framework that makes this easier by providing a simple interface for tracking realtime…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2022-11-30 Peter Henderson , Jieru Hu , Joshua Romoff , Emma Brunskill , Dan Jurafsky , Joelle Pineau